育肥猪舍用混凝土微缝地板的截面优化

为解决现有混凝土微缝地板因截面设计不尽合理产生的承载力富余过大,导致实际生产中板体自重大、生产和运输成本高等问题。该文通过计算假定、截面和荷载转化的方法,对混凝土微缝地板的结构进行了理论剖析,对其制造材料、板体尺寸、配筋等进行了优化和力学性能计算。在截面面积减少3600mm2、纵向钢筋面积减少213mm2、混凝土的标号由C30调至C25的情况下,单块地板的正截面抗弯值为3.14kN.m,斜截面抗剪值为3.56kN,裂缝宽度值为0.167mm,跨中截面挠度值为3.70mm,均可满足育肥猪安全使用要求。优化后,单块地板混凝土使用量可节省0.01m3,每平米地面铺设成本降低18%。     

Image-Based Soil Deformation Measurement in Geotechnical Model Test

Deformation measurement and analysis play an important role in geotechnical model tests. Using the concept of quadrilateral isoperimetric element, the strain filed was achieved from the calculation method based on displacement modes, and the verification results show that this measurement technique has a reliable precision. The soil deformation in model test of square shallow foundation was measured by using this technique, and the results show that the measurement system based on digital image correlation method can realize the whole process quantitative measurement of soil displacement field and shear strain filed. This deformation measurement technique provides a tool for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of soil micromechanics characteristics.     

黄芪多糖水提液流变特性研究

粘度是黄芪多糖提取、加工处理过程中的一个重要参数,溶液温度、黄芪总糖含量、浸提温度是重要影响因素.研究结果表明,粘度随溶液温度升高而降低,粘度越大,温度变化对其影响越显著;黄芪总糖含量低于300mg/mL或高于1000mg/mL时,溶液温度对粘度影响较小;浸提温度超过70℃后,不同粒度物料浸提液的总糖含量未增而粘度明显增大,黄芪多糖浸提温度不宜超过70℃.     

Analysis of static structural mechanics of vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures

In this paper the finite element analysis was carried out for a composite vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures to ensure the structure safety of a vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT). The static and modal analysis of rotor of a composite vertical axis wind turbine was conducted by using ANSYS software. The relevant contour sketch of stress and deformation was obtained. The analysis was made for static structural mechanics, modal analysis of rotor and the total deformation and vibration profile to evaluate the influence on the working capability of the rotor. The analysis results showed that the various structure parameters lie in the safety range of structural mechanics as given in the relative standards. The analysis showed the design safe to operate the rotor of a vertical axis wind turbine. The methods used in this study can be used as a good reference for the structural mechanics′ analysis of VAWTs.     

2BQM-6型免耕播种机结构设计及开沟器的力学分析

保护性耕作技术因其具有减少风蚀、保墒、提前播种期等作用,近年来在北方干旱地区得到逐步推广。免耕播种机作为保护性耕作的主要机具,其使用性能直接影响着这一技术的应用。为此,根据目前免耕播种机存在的主要问题,设计了2BQM-6型气吸式免耕播种机,实现了切茬、排茬、施肥、播种及覆土镇压等联合作业。在此基础上,对该免耕播种机重要部件开沟器进行了力学分析,寻找出了开沟器最容易疲劳失效的部位。     

Modelling compaction of agricultural subsoils by tracked heavy construction machinery under various moisture conditions in Switzerland

In recent years, agricultural land in Switzerland has been increasingly used as temporary access ways for heavy machinery in road and pipeline construction operations. The Swiss soil protection law requires that measures are taken to prevent soil compaction in such operations, but gives no criteria to determine tolerable loads. We studied the compaction sensitivity of a loess soil (Haplic Luvisol) at different soil moisture conditions in a field traffic experiment and by a numerical model on the computer using finite element analysis. Two plots, one wetted by sprinkling and one left dry (no sprinkling), were traversed by heavy caterpillar vehicles during construction of a large overland gas pipeline. Compaction effects were determined by comparing precompression stresses of samples taken from trafficked and non-trafficked soil. A finite element model with a constitutive relation, based on the concept of critical state soil mechanics, was used to interpret the outcome of the field trials.

We found significantly higher precompression stresses in the trafficked (median 97 kPa) compared with the non-trafficked (median 41 kPa) topsoil of the wet plot. No effect was evident in the topsoil of the dry plot as well as in the subsoils of the wet and the dry plot. The observed compaction effects were in agreement with the model predictions if the soil was assumed to be partially drained, but disagreed for the wet subsoil if fully drained conditions were assumed. Agreement between model and experimental results also required that the moisture dependence of the precompression stress was taken into account.     

FEM analysis of subsoil reaction on heavy wheel loads with emphasis on soil preconsolidation stress and cohesion

Heavy sugarbeet harvesters may compact subsoil. But it is very difficult to study this by field experiments that resemble agricultural practice. Therefore, an analysis was made by a finite element method (FEM) for a relevant calcaric fluvial soil profile, the mechanical properties of which were largely known. Measuring data of this Lobith loam soil includes preconsolidation stress, compression index and swelling index, all as a function of depth. Using these three types of soil parameters calculations have been done for tyre sizes, inflation pressures and wheel loads that occur with heaviest sugarbeet harvesters available on the European market in 1999. Because no values on soil cohesion were available, the calculations were done for several cohesion levels. The results include the detection of regions with Mohr–Coulomb plasticity and regions with cap plasticity (compaction hardening). For the soil studied—a typical soil strength profile for arable land with ploughpan in the Netherlands in the autumn of 1977—all studied combinations of wheel load and inflation pressure did not induce compaction in and below the ploughpan. The size of the region with Mohr–Coulomb plasticity decreased with increasing cohesion. It appeared from a sensitivity analysis that, although soil modelling may use a great number of soil parameters, the most important parameters seem to be: preconsolidation stress and cohesion. There is an urgent need for data of these parameters that are measured on a great range of subsoils and subsoil conditions.     

草本植物根系网的固土机制模式与力学试验研究

针对生物软措施的力学固土护坡作用进行了力学机制方面的探讨,提出植物根系网固土力学机制模式的四个层次,以及对不同草本植物根系的固土性能进行了力学试验比较。结果表明不同植物根系具有不同的抗拉强度。香根草根系平均抗拉强度最大达85 m Pa,其次为假俭草,平均抗拉强度27.3 m Pa,白三叶根系平均抗拉强度为24.6 m Pa,莎草根系平均抗拉强度为24.5 m Pa,宜安草根系平均抗拉强度为19.7 m Pa,百喜草根系平均抗拉强度为19.23 m Pa,马尼拉草根系平均抗拉强度为17.5 m Pa,狗牙根根系平均抗拉强度为13.45 m Pa。不同的植物根系具有不同的抗拉强度、不同的固土性能与其遗传结构及其组织材料不同有关。充分了解和认识植物根系固土性能,科学合理运用生物软措施代替或部分代替工程措施在我国繁重的生态环境保护和恢复的基本建设工程项目中具有重要的应用价值和意义。     

软基堆载预压及真空预压固结设计方法的研究

探讨了堆载预压的加固机理及真空预压的加固机理．作了两者的分析与比较,讨论了真空联合堆载预压法的基本原理、以及在软土处理中的加固特征。同时介绍了一些工程应用实例,具体分析了真空联合堆载预压法的应用效果及应用前景,真空联合堆载预压处理软土地基技术成熟可靠、经济合理,在工程建设中推广使用,必将产生较大的社会、经济效益。