不同添加剂对鸭茅青贮饲料品质的影响

为研究鸭茅原料的特性以及鸭茅青贮饲料的发酵品质和养分含量,以结实期新鲜或晾晒鸭茅为原料,分别设对照、添加甲酸(6 mL/kg)或蔗糖(2%)处理,袋装密封青贮360 d后取样进行分析。结果表明,经过晾晒之后,鸭茅青贮饲料的水分、乳酸含量极显著下降(P<0.01),pH值和氨态氮含量显著减少(P<0.05);添加蔗糖或甲酸能够改善鸭茅青贮饲料的发酵品质,极显著降低pH值、增加乳酸的生成量(P<0.01)。晾晒或添加剂处理对鸭茅青贮饲料常规养分的影响不显著,但硝酸盐含量显著降低。     

中草药添加剂在猪生产中的应用研究

中草药添加剂具有无药物残留、促生长等多方面优势,在我国的养猪业中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章综述了猪用饲料添加剂在猪生产中的仔猪生长、猪的育肥、猪的繁殖性能等方面的作用,并指出了现阶段存在的问题。     

薄膜包衣技术及其在畜牧业中的应用研究进展

包衣技术在饲料添加剂中的应用前景广泛,在提高产品稳定性,掩盖不良气味,控制产品在消化道中的释放和提高生物利用度等方面发挥着重要作用。文章对薄膜包衣技术在畜牧业中的应用作一综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Meat Quality of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used,48 grazing ewes with 7 months old and the average body weight (28.01±1.70) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with routine concentrate;Group Ⅲ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1 (0.30% malic acid,0.06% cysteamine,0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 2 (0.60% malic acid,0.12% cysteamine,0.16% saccharicterpenin).And there were 3 repeats for each group with 4 grazing ewes in each repeat.At the end of experiment,the longissimus dorsi of ewes were collected to determine the content of meat nutrient and amino acids.The results showed that:① The crude fat content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 27.92% (P < 0.05),16.67% (P > 0.05) and 7.85% (P > 0.05),respectively.The crude protein content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 7.35% (P < 0.05),3.94% (P > 0.05) and 2.49% (P > 0.05),respectively.The shear force in three supplementary feeding groups were extremely significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01) and compared with group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ was decreased by 3.98% (P < 0.05).② Compared with group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the proline content of group Ⅳ was increased by 38.34% (P < 0.01) and 22.75% (P < 0.05),respectively.While the proline content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠand Ⅱ by 19.63% (P > 0.05) and 6.15% (P > 0.05),respectively.Except for proline,other amino acids were not significant different among the four experimental groups (P > 0.05).In conclusion,in this trial,supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on crude fat,crude protein and shear force and amino acids contents,also improved the flavor and nutritional value of grazing sheep in cold season.Taking into consideration various factors,the effect of group Ⅲ (supplementing routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1) was the most obvious,which had the practical guiding importance in improving the meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.     

The effect of inulin supply to high‐fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids on pork quality and profile of sarcoplasmic protein in meat exudate

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of inulin supply to high‐fat diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) on pork quality and profile of sarcoplasmic protein in drip loss. At 50 days of age, twenty cross‐bred pigs (gilts) were randomly allotted to four groups: the control (C) group fed a standard diet, and three experimental (D1, D2 and D3) groups fed a high‐fat diet rich in SFA. Moreover, pigs from the groups D2 and D3 consumed an extra inulin supply (7% of daily feed intake) from 85 to 120 days of age (for 5 weeks) and from 50 to 120 days of age (for 10 weeks) respectively. The addition of inulin to the diet reduced meaty odour and flavour significantly, improved tenderness and overall sensory quality of pork and additionally influenced ultimate pH, L* colour parameter, lactate level and protein content in meat. The diets also affected the profile of sarcoplasmic proteins. Significant effects were observed for the following enzymes—PK/PGI (pyruvate kinase/phosphoglucose isomerase) and ALD (aldolase), which are related to the intensity of post‐mortem glycolysis. Presented data indicate that long‐term inulin supply to high‐fat diet has a positive effect on technological and sensory quality as well as protein profile of pork.     

液态复合添加剂对断奶1周内仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究仔猪断奶1周内补饲液态复合饲料添加剂对其生长性能、养分消化率、消化道p H及血液指标的影响。挑选20日龄仔猪105头,断奶前屠宰5头,其他100头在21日龄断奶后分为对照组和试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组仔猪饲喂教槽料,试验组仔猪在每次饲喂教槽料后补喂液态复合饲料添加剂(主要成分为酸化剂、中药提取物、壳寡糖、复合离子调节剂)。试验从断奶当天至断奶后第8天,共计7 d。结果表明:试验组的平均日增重高于对照组(P0.05),腹泻率显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验组粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率较对照组显著增加(P0.05);试验组仔猪断奶后第2天和第8天胃部p H、断奶后第8天十二指肠p H、断奶后第4天回肠p H均显著低于对照组(P0.05),断奶后第4天氯离子含量、断奶后第2天和第8天球蛋白、断奶后第4天和第8天血清Ig G和Ig A含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而断奶后第2天血清尿素氮显著低于对照组(P0.05)。由此表明,断奶1周内给仔猪补饲液态复合饲料添加剂,可降低消化道p H,提高养分消化率,并改善机体免疫功能,从而提高仔猪断奶1周内的生长性能,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

非常规植物源饲料添加对育肥猪影响的研究

畜牧业发展目前面临着饲料粮、饲草资源日益紧缺等问题,饲料谷物的供需平衡关乎畜产品的有效供给。养猪业对饲料需求必将越来越大,因此要积极开拓新的饲料来源。在人畜争粮的矛盾日益突出的情况下,开发和利用饲用植物已经逐渐成为解决饲料粮短缺问题的有效补充办法。中国植物资源非常丰富,开发植物饲料或添加剂具有一定的市场潜力。文章对日粮中添加单一植物或其制品对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、猪肉品质、饲养成本和经济效益的影响予以综述,以期为饲料生产和生猪养殖提供参考。     

沼液复合型杀虫剂研究

该文根据畜禽粪便厌氧发酵后产生的沼液含有丰富的营养和抗病虫害功效以及害虫的生理生化特性,选用木醋液、杀虫抗生素、印楝素、鱼藤酮、烟碱、苦参碱、草木灰及蓖麻叶浸出液等能够增强毒杀害虫能力的多种原料与沼液混配制成不同类型的沼液复合型杀虫剂,用5种不同的沼液复合型杀虫剂对蚜虫的杀灭效果进行试验研究,结果表明各种沼液复合型杀虫剂对沼液杀灭蚜虫均有显著效果,提出5种沼液复合型杀虫剂的沼液与复合型添加剂体积比配方分别为BP01为8000～11000倍液、BP02为25000～30000倍液、BP03为8333～12500倍液、BP04为18000～25000倍液、BP05为10000～15000倍液。该研究为提高沼液杀虫效果,开发以沼液为主要原料的生物杀虫剂提供科学参考。     

Surveillance of selected nutrients,additives and undesirables in commercial Norwegian fish feeds in the years 2000–2010

This article presents data on commercial, Norwegian fish feeds from 2000 to 2010, including elements, additives, some selected vitamins and a range of environmental contaminants. Iodine, selenium and vitamin D concentrations, all declined during the time period; simultaneously, a reduction in marine ingredients in feeds has occurred. Still, the feeds fulfilled known fish nutrient requirements. Arsenic (As) in the feed was fitted with a polynomial regression with peak concentrations in 2004, correlating with fishery landings of blue whiting (Micromesistus poutassou), a reduction species with high content of As. A polynomial regression was also significant for mercury, which peaked in 2005 and was correlated to fish meal (FM) inclusion in the feeds. Residues of the pesticide DDT and its metabolites, chlordane and toxaphene, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers and sum dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs, all decreased during this time period. These positive changes in undesirable substances can likely be attributed to the increasing replacement of marine ingredients with plant ingredients, as well as the increased use of South American fish oils rather than North Atlantic ones. On the other hand, cadmium concentrations were twofold higher in South American FMs, and increased in feeds from 2000 to 2010.     

双变性玉米淀粉的应用研究

对双变性玉米淀粉在饮料、豆奶、果酱及面制品的模拟加工中的应用进行了实验。结果表明,双变性玉米淀粉在抗老化、乳化、抗凝胶、节油、成膜方面具有明显的应用效果,从而为开发新的食品添加剂提供一些参考。