玉米自交系苗期耐低磷基因型的筛选

在土沙混合基质中设置高磷(97.66μg/g速效磷)、低磷(17.11μg/g速效磷)两种供磷水平,对所收集的40个玉米自交系进行了苗期耐低磷营养特性的分析.结果发现,在低磷胁迫下,供试材料大多数属于磷中低效吸收和低效利用型,只有1个自交系具有高效吸收和高效利用型特性,从一个侧面反映了我国玉米种质资源中耐低磷胁迫基因型的缺乏。     

柠檬酸对温室土壤磷有效性的影响

温室菜地土壤面临磷肥大量投入, 磷肥有效性低下等问题, 为提高土壤中磷素的有效性, 减少磷肥施用, 亟待开展相关研究。以番茄为供试对象, 研究温室番茄地施用柠檬酸对土壤有效磷时空变化及番茄产量的影响, 试验设置磷肥和柠檬酸2个因素4个水平, 采用完全随机设计, 分别为:0(CA0)、0.42(CA1)、0.84(CA2)、1.26(CA3)kg·hm^-2和0(P0)、96(P1)、168(P2)、240(P3)kg·hm^-2.结果表明:与对照相比, 施加柠檬酸后土壤pH极显着降低(P<0.01),CA3P0处理使土壤pH降低了0.62;不施加磷肥时, 柠檬酸促进土壤磷素的释放, 提高了土壤有效磷的含量;施加磷肥后, 柠檬酸和磷肥交互作用可以显着提高表层0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量, 但是过多施用柠檬酸和磷肥CA3P3处理使表层0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量降低, 使20~40 cm土壤有效磷含量增加, 并提高有效磷向下运移的可能性。合适的柠檬酸和磷肥配比CA2P2既可以获得较高番茄产量6.02 t·hm^-2,又可以减少30%的磷肥施用量, 同时降低磷素向深层运移的风险。     

啤酒大麦施用磷酸一铵的残效研究

本文通过田间小区3茬定位试验研究了啤酒大麦施用磷酸一铵的残留效果。结果指出，第1茬啤酒大麦施用的磷对第2茬棉花和第3茬啤酒大麦都有一定的残效，且前茬施磷量越大残效越明显。当第1茬啤酒大麦亩施磷量达到5．86kgP2O5时，第2茬棉花可以不施磷。     

不同种源枫香磷响应指标的主成分分析

采用裂区砂培试验,研究枫香对 P 水平响应性状的相关性,进行了主成分分析,旨在找出影响其生物量的主导因子、不同种源的最适生长 P 浓度及优良耐 P 胁迫种源.相关分析表明,除 P 利用率具有一定的稳定性外,生物量与其他响应性状相关性显著;低 P 胁迫造成的 N 吸收利用的变化对枫香影响更大.主成分分析表明,枫香生物量差异的主导因子是 N、P 吸收性状,其次是 P 利用性状.标准化主成分得分排序认为南昌种源具有较好的 N、P 吸收利用机制;南丹种源具有较好的种源特性,P 利用率较稳定.根据我国土壤有效 P 含量多样性的现状筛选出具有广适性特点的南昌种源和具有较好耐低 P 胁迫特性的南丹种源.     

叶面喷肥对金盏菊生长发育的影响

选用不同浓度的KH2PO4分别对盆栽金盏菊进行了叶面喷肥试验。结果表明：2‰KH2PO4不仅可促进金盏菊幼苗生长，还可提旱花期，提高花的产量及品质，增加叶绿素含量，能满足金盏菊生长对养分的长期需求，即磷钾肥更适于盆栽金盏菊的生长发育。     

浅谈污水处理工艺

介绍了污水处理的主要方法及工艺流程,阐明污水处理工艺主要是去除有机物和氮磷,对指导水质净化厂的污水处理工程有借鉴作用。     

磷酸氢二铵复配硼酸锌处理麦秸秆纤维板的阻燃性能

麦秸秆作为我国高产农业副产品,目前的研究仅限于热压制板成型工艺方面,缺乏对其阻燃性能的探索。因此,现采用磷酸氢二铵(DAP)与硼酸锌(ZB)复配处理麦秸秆纤维,并热压成型,对其处理后的阻燃性能进行研究,得出阻燃剂最佳浓度及复配比例。试验结果表明:1)经过DAP和ZB复配阻燃剂处理的麦秸秆纤维制成的麦秸秆纤维板具有显著的阻燃效果;2)阻燃剂DAP与ZB比例为3:1,且阻燃剂总质量分数为10%~15%时的阻燃效果最为显著。     

磁效应对溶磷细菌数量的影响

[目的]探究最优的磁效应参数,提高砖红壤中磷素吸收率。[方法]通过连续培养的方法,以未经磁场处理的土样作对照,测定不同磁化强度对砖红壤中无机磷细菌和有机磷细菌的影响。[结果]在整个磁处理过程中,对2种溶磷细菌影响最大的是500 mT处理第3天。在整个磁处理过程中,100 mT对2种磷细菌表现为抑制作用,但与CK相比基本达不到显著水平。300、500和700 mT对2种磷细菌均表现为促进作用。磁处理对2种磷细菌产生的影响存在不同程度的滞后及衰退效果。[结论]磁处理对溶磷细菌的生长影响较大,可用于快速获得大量的溶磷细菌。     

Can phosphorus fertilizers sparingly soluble in water decrease phosphorus leaching loss from an acid peat soil?

The potential risk of phosphorus (P) loss in surface run‐off can be decreased using sparingly soluble forms of P fertilizer (e.g. reactive phosphate rock (RPR)). However, it is unclear whether RPR can decrease P loss in leachate, especially when applied to soils with a small anion storage capacity (viz. P sorption capacity) and pH. Our hypothesis was that at low soil pH, the solubility of RPR would increase and result in P losses in leachate similar to those receiving single superphosphate (SSP), but at higher pH, less P would be lost from soils receiving RPR than SSP. Lysimeters containing a crushed, sieved acid mesic Organic (viz. peat) subsoil (30–60 cm) were limed to pH 4.5, 5.5 or 6.5 and treated with SSP or RPR at rates of 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg P/ha. Lysimeters were sown with ryegrass and watered over 12 months under controlled conditions and the leachate collected. Losses of filtered (< 0.45 μm) reactive inorganic P (FRP) and unreactive or organic P (FUP) in leachate were greatest for pH 4.5 treatments and least for the pH 6.5 treatments. The difference in FRP and FUP leachate losses in RPR‐ and SSP‐treated soils was smaller at pH 4.5 and 5.5, and increased at pH 6.5 as losses from soils receiving RPR decreased compared to those receiving SSP. The results suggest that RPR can be used as a strategy to decrease P losses in leachate from an acid Organic soil with small P sorption capacity when limed to > pH 5.5.     

Phosphorus Availability in Soils Amended with Different Phosphate Fertilizers

Abstract

Accurate measurement and characterization of phosphate rock dissolution are important for a better understanding of phosphorus (P) availability in soils. An incubation study was carried out on two New Zealand topsoils (0–15 cm; high P buffering capacity Craigieburn and low P buffering capacity Templeton) amended with North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) and water‐soluble phosphate (WSP) at 218 mg P kg^?1 (equivalent to 60 kg P ha^?1). Isotopic exchange kinetics was carried out after 12 h and 28 days of incubation to characterize P availability. This study showed that sensitivity of capacity factors (r₁/R, n) to explain changes in E_1min values was affected by the P buffering capacity of the soils. The recovery of applied P in the E pool (Rec_inE%) with extended incubation time was similar from the NCPR and WSP treatments (3.1–3.3%) in the Craigieburn soil compared with the Templeton soil in which Rec_inE% values were greater in WSP (9%) than NCPR (1.3%) treatment. The higher values of P derived from the applied P fertilizers in the E pool (Pdff_inE%>80%) suggested that the NCPR application in both soils would be efficient for increasing P availability to plants.