几种退耕还林模式土壤溶液养分动态研究

对四川洪雅4种退耕还林模式进行了定位研究,分析了各退耕还林模式土壤溶液中有效氮、有效磷、水溶性钾的动态变化。结果表明:(1)四种模式的土壤溶液中氮素在夏季含量较高,磷素和钾素在7月至8月含量最低;(2)据各模式有效氮的变化规律,3～4月是施肥的最佳时期,并以施速效氮肥为主;(3)据各模式有效磷和速效钾的变化规律,在8月前施有效磷、钾肥效果最佳。     

几种除草剂靶酶及其抑制剂的研究进展

根据作用靶标对除草剂进行分类,对于新型除草剂的设计能够起到很大的帮助。迄今为止,人们已发现除草剂的不同作用位点近30种,涉及到50余种不同化学结构的化合物。文中介绍了谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、咪唑甘油磷酯脱水酶(IGPD)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCace)、八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(PDS)及其各自抑制剂的研究进展。分别从酶的生理功能、酶学特征、抑制剂作用机理、抑制剂的研究、抗性等方面进行了不同程度的阐述。     

欧李内生促生菌分离、鉴定及促生、耐盐碱特性

为获得欧李(Cerasus humilis)根系优良内生促生菌,以欧李根系为研究材料,采用组织匀浆法分离纯化可培养内生细菌,测定其固氮、解磷、溶磷、合成植物生长素IAA(吲哚乙酸)和耐盐碱特性,并通过16S rRNA序列系统发育分析进行初步鉴定.结果显示:分离的7株菌均表现出一定的促生潜力,菌株固氮酶活性在50.64～...     

矮壮素对马铃薯磷素营养动态变化和产量的影响

通过对生育前期的马铃薯品种"中薯3号"喷施浓度为0、1.5、2.0和2.5g/L矮壮素(chlorocholine chloride,CCC)后,应用32P示踪技术研究其对磷素营养及其平均每穴产量的影响。结果表明:在各出苗后天数,CCC增加了植株对磷素的吸收,植株中的磷素主要分配到地上茎和叶中,按其相对含磷量依次为地上茎>叶>根>地下茎;植株吸磷量随其生长而增加,但在生育后期总株的吸磷量减少;在各出苗后天数,2.0g/L处理对中薯3号的总株吸磷量增加最大;1.5、2.0、2.5g/LCCC处理使中薯3号平均每穴产量分别增加6.83%、10.10%和3.08%,各处理平均每穴产量与其出苗后36d的叶片含磷量成极显著性正相关。     

腐殖酸磷肥中的腐殖酸对磷迁移的影响及机理

【目的】比较腐殖酸磷肥中的腐殖酸(PHA)与常规腐殖酸(HA)对肥料磷迁移、Ca²⁺及磷酸盐吸附特征的差异,明晰腐殖酸在磷肥增效过程中的作用。【方法】在实验室分别制备腐殖酸、腐殖酸磷肥及普通磷肥,利用腐殖酸"碱溶酸析"的原理,通过调节腐殖酸磷肥溶液pH分离得到PHA。研究磷肥配施两种添加量的HA和PHA对肥料磷迁移状况的影响,HA和PHA的配施量分别为施磷量的0.5%与5%,代号分别为0.5HA+P、0.5PHA+P、5HA+P及5PHA+P,同时设置单施磷肥(P)及不施肥(CK)两个处理。并通过HA和PHA对Ca²⁺及磷酸盐的吸附特征解释二者对肥料磷迁移存在差异的原因。【结果】HA和PHA配施磷肥,肥料磷的迁移距离与迁移量均高于P处理:P处理肥料磷可以迁移到距施肥层垂直距离42 mm处,而配施HA和PHA处理可以分别到达距施肥层46与50 mm处,这与HA和PHA对土壤Ca²⁺存在较高的吸附容量,进而减少土壤对磷的固定有关。距施肥层42 mm以后,土壤速效磷总量占总施磷量的累积百分数基本趋于不变,且0.5HA+P≈5P...     

Kinetics of phosphorus absorption and expressions of related transporters in primary cultured duodenal epithelial cells of chick embryos

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetics of phosphorus (P) absorption and expressions of type IIb sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NaP-IIb), inorganic phosphate transporters 1 and 2 (PiT-1 and PiT-2) in primary cultured duodenal epithelial cells of chick embryos. In experiment 1, the P absorptions across duodenal epithelial cell monolayers at different incubation time points (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min) were compared. In experiment 2, the kinetics of P absorption was performed at 40 min after incubation of duodenal epithelial cells with the media containing 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 24.0 and 48.0 mmol P/L as KH₂PO₄, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NaP-IIb, PiT-1 and PiT-2 in duodenal epithelial cells with the media containing 0, 6.0 and 48.0 mmol P/L were determined at 87 min after incubation. The results from experiment 1 showed that the P absorption increased linearly (p < .0001) from 0 to 80 min and the fastest increase occurred at 40 min; the asymptotic model was shown to have the best fit degree, and the optimal incubation time for saturable P absorption was determined to be 87 min. The kinetic curves of P absorption from experiment 2 demonstrated that P absorption was a mixed process of a non-saturable diffusion plus a saturable carrier-mediated transport across the duodenal epithelial cells. The high P concentration (48.0 mmol/L) decreased (p < .05) NaP-IIb and PiT-1 mRNA and protein levels and increased (p < .0001) PiT-2 mRNA level. These results indicated that the P absorption across primary cultured duodenal epithelial cell monolayers of chick embryos was a mixed process of a non-saturable diffusion plus a saturable carrier-mediated transport and could be restricted by reducing the NaP-IIb and PiT-1 expressions while increasing the PiT-2 expression at a high P concentration.     

Ca2+对磷酸铵镁沉淀法处理垃圾渗滤液的影响研究

磷酸铵镁沉淀法因其反应时间短，操作简便和原材料容易获得的优势被广泛利用在垃圾渗滤液的处理中。在生活垃圾产生的渗滤液中出存在着大量的Ca2+，而这些Ca2+会对磷酸铵镁沉淀法处理渗滤液产生一定影响。实验通过设置渗滤液中Ca2+的浓度探索Ca2+对磷酸铵镁沉淀法降低COD和氨氮的影响。在实验中，磷酸铵镁沉淀法对氨氮的去除率从65.12%下降至42.52%，同时COD的去除率也从51.90%下降至37.87%。实验证明，垃圾渗滤液中Ca2+的含量会影响Mg2+与PO43-和氨氮结合，降低氨氮和COD去除率。     

采用Design-Expert优化2种药剂对香蕉除芽效果最佳配比研究

以皇帝蕉母株及其抽生的吸芽为试材,在单因素试验基础上,采用Design-Expert.V8.0.6软件对磷酸二氢钾和多效唑混合药剂除芽效果试验进行了方案设计,分析混合药剂不同处理的除芽效果及对香蕉母株生长的影响,结合互作效应结果,预测出最佳药剂配比并进行田间验证。结果表明:磷酸二氢钾和多效唑药剂量在1.5~8 g范围内共有13个处理组合,其中以8 g磷酸二氢钾与3.84 g多效唑混合(即配比约为2∶1时),除芽效果及对香蕉母株生长的促进作用最佳,处理3 d后吸芽外表已萎蔫、腐烂,死亡率为100%,后期多次观察未出现再生长现象。与此同时,8 g磷酸二氢钾与3.84 g多效唑处理吸芽15 d,香蕉母株假茎生长速度最快,株高和茎粗增长率分别为9.76%、6.94%,与2种药剂的互作效应分析结果相似。因此,生产上推荐磷酸二氢钾和多效唑混合配比为2∶1作为高效、安全、经济的香蕉除芽药剂。      

Analysis of sugarbeet petioles for phosphorus

Abstract

The influence of method of drying on concentrations of total P, extractable phosphate and two N fractions in petioles from recently matured sugarbeet leaves was studied. Method of drying had no or small effects on total P, total N and nitrate‐N. However, method of drying had a marked effect on the value of extractable phosphate. Concentrations of phosphate‐P extractable with water and 2% acetic acid were least with freeze‐dried material and increased as temperature of oven drying was varied from 70 to 100°C. Extractable phosphate‐P in tissue dried by a particular method was lower when acetic acid was the extractant. Quantity of extract‐able phosphate‐P in oven‐dried material was not influenced by substitution of ascorbic acid for stannous chloride and elimination of the H₂O₂ oxidation step in the analytical procedure. Leaf position greatly affected concentrations of total P and acetic‐acid soluble phosphate‐P. Both parameters at a given sampling date decreased with increasing age of leaf.     

Effect of Five Phosphate Rocks on Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Yield in Pot Trial

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) availability in five phosphate rocks with different P solubility was compared with that in single superphosphate and superphosphate+lime in a pot experiment with red clover as test plant on a Lamellic Arenosol with sand soil texture and on a Haplic Luvisol with clay loam soil texture, both strongly acid with low P supply. Phosphorus rates in the pot experiment were 0, 100, 400, and 1600 mg total P₂O₅ kg^?1. On both soils, there was a weak correlation between total added P and red clover P responses. If P solubility of the PRs was also taken into account, the correlation between formic acid–, citric acid–, or neutral ammonium citrate–soluble P amounts added and red clover responses became much stronger. Soil P availability was estimated by water, Olsen, Lakanen‐Erviö, and ammonium lactate tests. Among the P extractants studied, Olsen soil P test gave the best correlation with red clover yields.