论高校社科学报特色栏目的策划与建设

分析了高校社科学报目前存在的诸多问题:一是数量多,刊名相似;二是特色趋同,影响小;三是办刊模式陈旧,市场意识缺乏。认为高校社科学报在市场竞争中生存下去的手段是开办特色栏目,并指出设置特色栏目的方法:找准特色,开发作者群,选择好学术带头人。     

Women

In New Zealand while women dominate leadership positions in constitutional, political and business areas, gender inequality remains entrenched. Despite significant gains in rights (employment, pay equity, property), as a group women earn less and perform more family care and unpaid work than men. In part these disparities result from the economic restructuring of the last 15 years which saw a loss in unskilled manufacturing jobs, less social support and greater rewards to business and public sector elites. Maori and Pacific Island women are the most disadvantaged groups. Labour/Alliance government initiatives to reduce poverty particularly among Maori and Pacific Island peoples by strengthening access to health and education services and supporting and replicating successful community initiatives are also likely to benefit other low income women.     

Migration‐affected change and vulnerability in rural Vanuatu

Migration is increasingly being promoted as a possible adaptive response to risks associated with climate change and other stresses. While migration may present an adaptation pathway in certain contexts, existing research fails to consider the ways in which migration could contribute to vulnerability in sending communities. This paper examines the impact of migration‐affected change on local vulnerability in Lamen Bay, Vanuatu. Qualitative methods, including interviews and focus groups with 58 individuals, were used to determine how migration interacts with the multiple stressors faced by the community. The results show that migration is likely to contribute to vulnerability in already vulnerable communities. In Lamen Bay, migration affects a number of contextual factors that influence exposure and the capacity to respond to change, including labour supply, food security, migrant attitudes, underdevelopment and institutional viability. These results suggest that development policy in Vanuatu needs to address existing vulnerabilities while offering the opportunity to migrate.     

白银市相对资源承载力演化过程分析

为了弄清白银市的资源承载能力水平,运用相对资源承载力的研究思路,分别以全国、甘肃省和兰州市作为参照区,动态分析了该区域1996-2005年各种资源的相对承载力以及综合资源承载力。结果表明：①与全国或兰州市相比,白银市的综合资源承载力均处于超载状态,但近年来超载程度有所下降。2005年末,综合资源承载力均约为163万人,尚超载12万人。②与甘肃省相比,白银市的综合资源承载力处于富余状态,且有上升的态势。2005年末,综合资源承载力为231万人,富余56万人。③白银市自然资源对其综合资源承载力的贡献都最大,均在42%以上,是综合资源承载力的主要贡献源。以全国为参照区,社会资源对资源承载力增长的贡献最大,自然资源最小;以甘肃省为参照区,经济资源对资源承载力增长的的贡献最大,自然资源最小;以兰州市为参照区,自然资源对资源承载力增长的贡献最大,社会资源贡献最小。     

Distribution, habitat and biomass of Pittosporum undulatum, the most important woody plant invader in the Azores Archipelago

Pittosporum undulatum Ventenat (Pittosporaceae) is a tree or shrub native to Australia introduced in the Azores Islands in the 19th century, presently naturalized in the nine islands. According to a random survey of vascular plants in the Azores, the invader is present throughout the archipelago, in 62% of 547 1-km² samples. It was found in pure or mixed stands, forming groups and also as isolated trees. P. undulatum was frequently found in native scrubland (62%), mixed woodland (39%) and hedgerows (25%). The altitudinal range extended from sea level up to about 800 m a.s.l., with the highest frequency between 100 and 400 m. The woody species more strongly associated with P. undulatum included characteristic native and endemic species as well as non-indigenous and invasive taxa. Based on a forest inventory, 49% of the forested area in the Azores, about 24,000 ha, is occupied by P. undulatum. Considerable areas inside Island Natural Parks are covered by this species. The estimated annual P. undulatum biomass production in the Azores might range from only about 150 Mg in the small island of Corvo up to more than 60,000 Mg in Pico Island. The heating value of its wood and its chemical composition make it a good candidate for use in combustion or gasification processes. Since there are no resources available to control this large-scale invasion, using P. undulatum biomass for energy production might be an important factor to stimulate the progressive and sustainable cutting of its stands and its replacement by Macaronesian species.     

An integrated hydro-economic modelling framework to evaluate water allocation strategies II: Scenario assessment

In this paper the results of an assessment of the hydrological and economic implications of reallocating water in the Musi sub-basin, a catchment within the Krishna Basin in India, are reported. Policy makers identified a number of different but plausible scenarios that could apply in the sub-basin, involving; supplying additional urban demand from agricultural allocations of water, implementing a number of demand management strategies, changing the timing of releases for hydropower generation, changing the crops grown under irrigation, reducing existing stream flows and allowing for more environmental flows. The framework chosen to undertake this assessment was a simulation model that measures and compares the economic values of water allocation scenarios determined from a water allocation model that accounts for supplies of groundwater and surface water across a number of regions and over a variety of uses. Policy makers are provided with the range of measures on the security of the supply of water and the social costs and benefits of reallocating water between sectors and across regions within the sub-basin. Taking water from agriculture to supply urban users has a greater impact on irrigation supplies during dry years. It was also found that changing the allocation of water between sectors, by taking it away from agriculture had a large positive economic impact on the urban sector. Yet the costs involved in undertaking such a strategy results in a significant loss in the net present value of the scheme. Stream flow reductions, if significantly large (at around 20%), were found to have a large physical and economic impact on the agricultural sector. Implementing water saving strategies in Hyderabad was found to be more cost effective than taking water from agriculture, if rainwater tanks are used to achieve this. Changing the timing of hydropower flows resulted in best meeting of irrigation demand in NSLC and NSRC. Under this scenario, the crops grown under irrigation were found to have a significant economic impact on the sub-basin, but not as large as farmers undertaking crop diversification strategies, ones which result in farmers growing less rice. The security of supplying water to different agricultural zones has significantly improved under this scenario. Finally, releasing water for environmental purposes was found to have only a minor impact on the agricultural sector.     

公民社会与社会工作

社会工作在中国发展的前景问题，每一个负责任的社会工作者都必须予以认真的思考。 就社会建构论”的视角来说，社会工作与公民社会、社会工作与整个转型期的中国社会都是一个互相建构的过程。改革以来，一个数府国家)—市场—社会”功能分化的新的社会结构形态正在呈现，用公民社会理论的分析架构鲤想类型)剖析转型期的中国社会，己经具备了有利于公民社会发育的主要环境因素，由此逐渐构筑了中国社会工作发展的平台。     

易地扶贫搬迁中的“互惠性协同”及其运作

易地扶贫搬迁是贫困治理的重要探索。基于社会网络理论，易地扶贫搬迁运动中的关系网络及其运作机制得以呈现。研究发现，在搬迁过程中，以地方政府和企业为主体，包括村支两委、地方能人在内的、一个具有互惠协作性质的利益联盟已经形成。该联盟充分动员和吸纳了体制、市场和社会资源，为搬迁运动提供动力。易地扶贫搬迁动员通过问题化识别、积极分子参与和推动、双重激励驱动得以成功运作。在易地扶贫搬迁中，应积极探索“互惠性协同”的搬迁模式，建立稳定的长效机制。“互惠性协同”的提出，有利于丰富社会网络理论在中国情境中的多样性意涵。     

论社会转型与农村现代化

社会转型是利益结构调整、重构和稀缺资源的再配置过程。在这个过程中，社会经济、政治和文化的协调机制及组织形式发生着变革。当前，农村现代化的关键是释放农村资源的潜力，进行科技和制度创新，寻求劳动力转移与土地资源效益、传统社会与现代社会的平衡，以及正式与非正式制度的平衡，从而推动农村经济的增长和发展，实现农村社会的全面进步。     

农村社会养老保险基金的保值增值途径研究

从选择保险基金投资主体、建立专门金融机构、明确保险基金投资领域、引入“资产建设”要素，促进基金增值、财政部门参与农保基金的运营与管理、建立养老保险基金的监管机构，进行专业化管理以及完善养老保险基金管理的法律体系等方面探讨农村养老保险基金的增值途径，为农保基金的保值增值提供理论依据。