金银花开花过程中花瓣几种酶活性的变化

[目的]研究金银花开花过程中花瓣几种酶活性的变化。[方法]以金银花不同花期(米蕾期、三青期、二白期、大白期、银花期、金花期)的花朵为试验材料,研究金银花开花过程中可溶性蛋白质和丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。[结果]在金银花开花过程中,随着花瓣可溶性蛋白质含量的下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性也随之下降;从银花期到金花期,随花色的变化,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐增加。[结论]该研究可为金银花花色变化的生理机制研究提供科学依据。     

气相色谱-嗅觉测量法鉴定蒌蒿中的香气化合物

 采用顶空固相微萃取法提取了蒌蒿样品中的挥发性成分, 利用气相色谱-嗅觉测量法(GC-O)并结合气相色谱质谱联用分析(GC - MS) , 鉴定了萎蒿中的香气化合物。共检出21个呈香化合物, 基于其嗅感强度, 反式- 2 - 己烯醛、水芹烯、顺式- 罗勒烯、3 - 崖柏酮、樟脑, 黄瓜醛、( - ) - 龙脑和( - ) - 乙酸龙脑酯被认定为形成蒌蒿香气的重要化合物。     

中国蝗虫学研究60年

蝗虫灾害是人类历史上三大自然灾害之一,对农牧业、环境和经济构成严重威胁。我国是世界上遭受蝗灾最严重的国家之一,有关蝗虫学的研究有较长的历史。60年前,通过改治结合,我国控制了大规模的飞蝗Locusta migratoria蝗灾发生,取得了举世瞩目的成就。60年过去了,中国蝗虫学研究发生了翻天覆地的变化。该文主要综述了最近60年中国蝗虫学研究的发现与创新,展示蝗虫分类学、生态学、生殖与发育生物学、分子生物学、基因组学研究以及蝗虫控制技术研究等多个方面的成就。这些研究成果是世界昆虫学研究的重要组成部分。特别是近30年,我国科学家深入揭示蝗虫两型转变的遗传和表观遗传机制,在国际上产生了重要影响。飞蝗的综合生物学研究积累使飞蝗成为继果蝇之后又一个昆虫模式系统。更重要的是,我国科学家开发的真菌生物农药和群聚信息素可以作为重要的防治手段用于蝗灾的治理。     

季节性冻融土壤盐分离子组成与冻结层盐分运移规律研究

该文对冻融过程中土壤盐分离子组成及冻结层盐分运移规律进行研究,在内蒙古河套灌区永联试验站开展了冻融期土壤水盐及其离子成分监测试验,分析了冻融期地温、冻结层深度、地下水埋深与水质、土壤含水率、土壤盐分及离子组成的变化规律,通过离子相关性分析确定了土壤盐分运移的主控离子成分和盐分类型,进一步利用二元水盐体系相图探讨了冻融期主控盐分的运移规律。结果表明:冻融期地温梯度变化主要发生在0～1.0 m范围土层中,地下水埋深在冻融期变化趋势为快速增大-缓慢增大-减少,地下水矿化度均值在融化期显著降低;研究区地下水中变异性最大的离子为Na~+、Cl~–和SO_4~(2–),土壤盐分运移和扩散是地下水矿化度变化的主要原因;土壤中Na~+、Cl~–与SO_4~(2–)与含盐量相关系数高于0.9,冻融期土壤盐分浓度变化的主控盐分类型为氯化钠和硫酸钠;冻结层积盐或者脱盐取决于土壤盐分梯度和不同盐分的共饱和点,研究区最大氯化钠浓度(质量分数1.55%)和最大硫酸钠浓度(2.01%)均低于各自的共饱和点,当冻结前土壤溶液浓度梯度为正(从上到下浓度增大)时,冻结层易积盐,反之冻结层主要表现为脱盐。研究对阐明冻融期冻结层盐分累积规律的成因具有重要意义。     

Effect of tetrandrine on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect of maximum non-cytotoxic doses of tetrandrine (Tet) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2.METHODS: The cells were treated with ma-ximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet (for CNE1 cells at 1.5 μmol/L and for CNE2 cells at 1.8 μmol/L), irradiation at 4 Gy, or combination of irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p-CDC25C, CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of γ-H2AX was increased in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells after combined treatment with irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The percentages of CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells at G₂/M phase in irradiation group were (18.09±0.42)% and (18.48±1.32)%, respectively, which were decreased to (15.88±1.04)% and (13.80±0.82)% in combined treatment group, respectively (P<0.05). Combined treatment enhanced the increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 caused by irradiation. The protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner by Tet treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of CDK1 showed no difference among different doses of Tet treatments. The protein levels of p-CDC25C, p-CDK1 and CDK1 showed no difference after the treatment with maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The combined treatment with irradiation and the maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet decreased the protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (P<0.05), increased the expression of cyclin B1, and had no influence on the expression of CDK1 (P<0.05). The combined treatment resulted in an increase in the protein level of p-ERK1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet enhance the DNA damage and apoptosis in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells caused by irradiation, and the mechanism might be associated with ending of G₂/M arrest via activation of ERK/CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 pathways.     

基于相态图像在线检测的RCP轴封内流场试验研究

为了研究反应堆冷却剂主泵动压轴封异常工作状态、验证第三级副密封所处工况条件,开展了轴系温度分布仿真分析.采用微型内窥装置在线获取三级低压泄漏流相态图像,对所得图像进行数值化处理;采用Sobel边沿检测算法求取图像边沿化后的均方差,实现了基于内窥图像的主泵轴封低压泄漏流相态的在线监测.通过提高密封第三级泄漏背压,改善浮动...     

C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6 in dogs with pyometra and SIRS

Objective: To determine the frequency of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in canine pyometra and to evaluate the relationship between C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and SIRS. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Fifty‐three clinical cases of canine pyometra and 19 healthy control bitches. Interventions: Upon admission to the veterinary hospital, history and physical examination findings, including previously defined clinical SIRS parameters, were documented. Blood samples were obtained for hematology and biochemical tests and for CRP, TNFα, and IL‐6 analysis. The diagnosis of pyometra was confirmed by histopathology of the uterus after ovariohysterectomy. After surgery, clinical SIRS parameters, length of hospitalization, and mortality were recorded. Measurements and main results: Pyometra dogs were grouped as SIRS positive (30/53; 57%) or SIRS negative (23/53; 43%). Logistic regression showed that CRP was the only parameter that significantly related to SIRS apart from the clinical criteria that define this syndrome. The mortality rate was low (2/53; 3.8%), and conclusions regarding association with SIRS could not be drawn. A positive SIRS status, high plasma CRP concentration, and high body temperature were variables that related to increased morbidity reflected by the length of hospitalization. Conclusions: SIRS was seen in 57% of canine pyometra cases and a positive SIRS status showed a positive association with prolonged hospitalization. The mortality rate was low (3.3%) among SIRS positive dogs, indicating that progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) rarely occurs in surgically treated cases of pyometra. CRP was associated with SIRS and with prolonged hospitalization. Further studies of plasma CRP may be warranted in canine intensive care cases susceptible to development of SIRS and MODS.     

中国西北棉花根系呼吸对土壤呼吸贡献率的研究

To measure the contribution of root respiration (Rr) to total soil respiration (Rt) in arid cotton fields, eighteen plots, nine for girdling and nine control, were built in an arid cotton field in the Aksu National Experimental Station of Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, Xinjiang of China. Given the difference of soil respiration between girdled plots and non-girdled control plots, the components of soil respiration, root respiration (Rr) and respiration originating from decomposition (Rd) were divided. The temperature sensitivities of R r and R d were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the average contribution of R r to R t in arid cotton field was about 32% during the study period. The temperature-response curve of R r differed from that of Rd . The dynamic variation of R d was more related to the change of soil temperature as compared to Rr . Rr and Rd had different responses to the variation of environment, and thus new models capable of differentiating between Rr and Rd are needed for evaluating the different factors controlling these two components of soil respiration in arid cotton field.     

磷肥用量对大豆遮复光后干物质与磷素积累特征的影响

为探明大豆遮复光后干物质与磷素的积累对磷肥的响应特征。在盆栽条件下,设置4个磷肥用量[0mg·kg~(-1)(P0)、75mg·kg~(-1)(P1)、125mg·kg~(-1)(P2)、175mg·kg~(-1)(P3)]和2种光照条件[自然光(L1)和遮光(L2)],以‘中黄61’为试验材料,研究苗期遮复光后,不同磷用量大豆干物质及磷素积累变化特征。结果表明,苗期遮复光后,在磷肥用量0~125mg·kg~(-1)时,随施磷量的增加,干物质及磷素的积累量、积累最大速率(Rmax)、最大时的生长量(Amax)均增加。增施磷肥可提高干物质及磷素在整个生育期的积累速率。干物质与磷素积累各阶段的积累量在施磷量为125mg·kg~(-1)时达最大。籽粒产量随施磷量增加而增加,在P2处理达最大,且增施磷肥在L2环境下对籽粒的贡献更大。大豆籽粒产量与干物质及磷素积累的Rmax、Rmean、Amax、各阶段的积累量均呈显著相关。可见,适量增施磷肥可缓解大豆苗期弱光胁迫对大豆磷素与干物质积累的影响,促进大豆产量增加。     

荧光相图法研究溶菌酶在盐酸胍溶液中的变性

采用荧光相图法分析盐酸胍诱导溶菌酶变性的荧光数据,建立溶菌酶在盐酸胍溶液中失活的变性模型。结果表明,盐酸胍浓度从0.5mol/L变化至3.0mol/L时,溶菌酶从天然态转变为部分折叠中间态,盐酸胍浓度从3.0mol/L变化至6.0mol/L时,溶菌酶从中间态转变为去折叠态。说明盐酸胍诱导溶菌酶变性的过程符合典型的＂三态模型＂。