Effect of probiotics on immune competence of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

This study evaluates the effect of probiotics, Zymetin, on the immune efficiency of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juvenile against pathogenic Vibriospp. and Aeromonasspp. The experiment was conducted in glass aquaria with same level of feeding under different treatments, that is, negative control (Cn), positive control with Vibrio spp. (Cv) and Aeromonasspp. (Ca), prawn juveniles fed with probiotics (Zymetin) at 5 g/kg of feed but without pathogen (T1), probiotic fed prawn challenged with Vibrio spp. (T2) and Aeromonasspp. (T3). The results demonstrated that T1 showed higher survival rate, total haemocyte count, non‐granular haemocyte count, phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency compared to other treatment groups. In contrast, decreased number of small and large granular haemocyte was observed in T1. Despite that, THC was found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) among all the controls and lowest was in Cv, followed by Ca. Besides, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency against Vibrio spp. and Aeromonasspp. decreased significantly in Cn, Ca, and Cv fed M. rosenbergiijuvenile, while the values were found to be higher in T1 followed by T2 and T3, in that order. In addition, the challenge test showed an increasing trend of total and beneficial bacterial density as well as declining trend of some harmful bacteria in the water and gut of prawn in all the groups tested (p < 0.05).     

急性pH和碳酸盐碱度对缢蛏存活率、Na+/K+-ATPase活性及血淋巴吞噬能力的影响

采用静态毒理学实验方法,分析了2种规格缢蛏(小规格SSc和大规格LSc)在pH和碳酸盐碱度(C_A)急性胁迫条件下的存活率,Na~+/K~+-ATPase(NKA)活性以及血淋巴的吞噬能力。结果显示,当C_A浓度为2.5 mmol/L、pH值为7.5～9.5时,2种规格缢蛏的存活率均接近100%;当pH值大于9.5时,2种规格缢蛏的存活率均显著下降。当C_A浓度为0～44.58mmol/L、pH值为9.0～10.0时,随着C_A浓度的上升,缢蛏的存活率明显下降;在pH值为9.5条件下,LSc的鳃组织NKA活性,随着C_A浓度的上升而升高,LSc血淋巴的吞噬能力随着C_A浓度的上升而下降。由此可见,缢蛏在高pH或高C_A下表现出较强的耐受性,但高pH和高C_A协同胁迫下对缢蛏的存活率具有较大的影响,研究结果为进一步探索缢蛏在盐碱地的养殖提供了一定的理论参考。     

银杏叶聚戊烯醇对小鼠免疫功能和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

用不同剂量银杏叶聚戊烯醇(GP)给正常小鼠和荷瘤小鼠灌胃,用碳粒廓清法分析正常小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能;采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测S180荷瘤小鼠的凋亡细胞比率(APO)、S期细胞比率(SPF)和增殖指数(PI)的变化,分析T细胞亚群CD4/CD8比值的影响.结果表明,10和20 mg/kg的GP能提高正常小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能, 对碳粒的清除作用高于环磷酰胺(CTX);高剂量组(40 mg/kg)GP与对照组比较,能增加肝癌(Heps)荷瘤小鼠胸腺指数和艾氏腹水癌(EC)荷瘤小鼠脾指数.5 mg/kg GP对S180荷瘤小鼠细胞的APO为6.35, 明显高于阴性对照组及其它给药组,使S180荷瘤小鼠CD4/CD8比值接近正常小鼠.     

复方中草药制剂对黄颡鱼长和非特异性免疫功能的影响

在基础饲料中添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的复方中草药制剂,连续投喂60d后,通过测定供试黄颡鱼的生长性能、血细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性,比较了复合中草药制剂对黄颡鱼促生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加0.5%的复方中草药制剂对黄颡鱼的生长影响显著(P0.05),添加1.0%和2.0%的中草药制剂对黄颡鱼的血细胞的吞噬活性、溶菌酶活力影响极显著(P0.01)。试验组可显著提高黄颡鱼生长、血细胞的吞噬活性、溶菌酶活力。     

天然植物制剂“开口健”对小鼠免疫功能影响

目的:探讨天然植物制剂"开口健"对实验小鼠吞噬功能以及抗体产生能力的影响。方法:每天用不同剂量(0.125、0.25、0.5g)"开口健"给雄性ICR小鼠灌胃,用生理盐水作为空白对照。连续灌胃10d后,检测小鼠的体重变化和脾脏指数,用碳粒廓清法检测小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能,用溶血素分光光度法检测小鼠抗体产生水平。结果:与生理盐水组相比,高、中、低剂量"开口健"灌胃组小鼠的体重均有提高,中、低剂量组提高显著(P0.05);各试验组脾脏指数均有增加,但统计分析差异不显著(P0.05);各试验组小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬指数和廓清指数均有显著提高(P0.05);各试验组小鼠抗体水平均有极显著上升(P0.01)。结论:"开口健"能通过提高小鼠单核巨噬细胞碳廓清能力和促进抗体产生而提高小鼠免疫功能。     

Balenine,Imidazole Dipeptide Promotes Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Regulating Phagocytosis Properties of Immune Cells

Balenine is one of the endogenous imidazole dipeptides derived from marine products. It is composed of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine, which exist mainly in the muscles of marine organisms. The physiological functions of dietary balenine are not well-known. In this study, we investigated whether the supplementation of dietary balenine was associated with muscle function in a cardiotoxin-indued muscle degeneration/regeneration model. Through morphological observation, we found that the supplementation of balenine-enriched extract promoted the regeneration stage. In addition, the expression of regeneration-related myogenic marker genes, such as paired box protein 7, MyoD1, myogenin, and Myh3, in a group of mice fed a balenine-enriched extract diet was higher than that in a group fed a normal diet. Moreover, the supplementation of balenine-enriched extract promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines at the degeneration stage. Interestingly, phagocytic activity in the balenine group was significantly higher than that in the control group in vitro. These results suggest that balenine may promote the progress of muscle regeneration by increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophages.     

穿心莲对草鱼血液吞噬细胞吞噬活性的影响

利用体外试管法测定摄食穿心莲药饵的草鱼在不同时刻血液吞噬细胞的正常吞噬活性。结果表明,穿心莲水煎剂对草鱼血液吞噬细胞的吞噬活性没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。     

茯苓散对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影晌

用氢化可的松注射液制造免疫功能抑制小鼠模型,以左旋咪唑及黄芪多糖为阳性对照,设计茯苓散高（200mg／kg）、中（100mg／kg）、低（50mg／kg）3个剂量组（以茯苓多糖计）。给各组分别灌注生理盐水或药物,连续14d。试验从3个方面6个试验进行茯苓散药效学方面的考察,即巨噬细胞功能测定（小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验、茯苓散对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响一碳粒廓清法）、细胞免疫功能测定（茯苓散对小鼠免疫器官的影响、茯苓散对二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠迟发型变态反应的影响）、体液免疫功能测定（抗体生成细胞检测、血清溶血素的测定）。结果显示,茯苓散3个剂量组均能显著提高免疫低下小鼠吞噬细胞的吞噬活性（P〈0．05）,吞噬细胞功能结果为阳性;茯苓散中、高剂量组能刺激脾脏、胸腺质量的增加（P〉0．05）,也能显著促进免疫低下小鼠的迟发型变态反应（P〈0．05）,细胞免疫功能结果为阳性;茯苓散3个剂量组均能显著提高小鼠的抗体生成细胞数（P〈0．05）,且显著增强小鼠血清凝集素水平（P〈0．05）,体液免疫功能结果为阳性。其中中剂量组效果最好,表明茯苓散对免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能有一定的增强作用。     

Immunomodular effect of fusion gene DNA vaccine of avian metapneumoviruses

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the immunomodular effect of a DNA vaccine based on the fusion (F) gene of avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV) and to study its protection against field virus challenge, as this will help to better control the disease in turkeys. In this study, the F protein of the Egyptian isolate (Giza-turkey rhinotracheitis-4) of the B-subtype of aMPV isolated in 2009 was expressed from a DNA plasmid in Vero cells. After 1 i.m. injection of turkey poults with this plasmid, the antibody response was detected by ELISA. The turkey poults inoculated with locally prepared DNA aMPV vaccine had highly significant phagocytic activity, as measured by phagocytic percent and index of macrophage activation, in comparison to those inoculated with inactivated and live attenuated vaccines and with the noninfected control group. Intratracheal challenge of turkey poults at 21 d postvaccination by a dose of 100 uL of field Egyptian Giza-turkey rhinotracheitis-4 virus of a titer 6 log₁₀ tissue culture infective dose 50 resulted in 100% protection in poults that received locally prepared DNA aMPV vaccine, whereas those that received commercial aMPV vaccines experienced 80 and 90% protection; typical clinical signs of aMPV infection were seen in control nonvaccinated poults. Therefore, a high success rate was noted when using F gene DNA plasmid vaccine by the induction of a potent immunomodular effect for both cell-mediated and humoral immune response. The use of the F gene DNA plasmid vaccine developed in this study provided 100% protection in vaccinated poults, which can help in controlling aMPV infections in turkeys.