蜂胶囊对巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响及其急性毒理

测试了J9311蜂胶囊(蜂王浆、蜂胶、中药按质量比1∶1∶1配制)及其单一组分对昆明小鼠腹腔内巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响,结果显示,0.3、0.6、1.2g·kg-1J9311蜂胶囊饲喂小鼠可极显著提高小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数(P<0.01);0.4g·kg-1王浆+蜂胶、王浆+中药组合或单一成分王浆和蜂胶饲喂小鼠,也能显著提高吞噬百分率和吞噬指数(P<0.01),但其程度明显低于蜂胶囊,说明该蜂胶囊具有组分的合理性.急性毒理实验显示,10.0、15.0、22.5、33.8、50.6g·kg-1剂量的J9311蜂胶囊对小鼠无急性毒理作用.     

Administration of a herbal immunoregulation mixture enhances some immune parameters in carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>)

The herbal immunoregulation mixture (HIRM) were extracts of several traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs): Astragalus membranaceus (from the root and stem), Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (from the root), Isatis tinctoria L. (from the root), Glycyrrhiza glabra (from the stem). Immune parameters, which included macrophage phagocytic activity, macrophage reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of serum lysozyme, nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), levels of total serum protein, globulin, albumin, triglyceride and cholesterol, were determined in carp that had been fed diets containing HIRM at 0.5% or 1% for 30 days. The results showed that, compared with those in the control group, the diets with 0.5% and 1% HIRM resulted in significant increase in macrophage phagocytic activity, macrophage ROS and the levels of total protein, globulin, albumin and NOS activity in serum (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was found in SOD, lysozyme activities and triglyceride level (P > 0.05). On the other hand, 0.5% HIRM led to evident enhancement of NOS activity and cholesterol level compared to 1% HIRM. These results indicated that HIRM might elevate the function of immunity in carp (Cyprinus carpio).     

缺氧诱导因子1在吞噬细胞中的作用研究进展

缺氧诱导因子1(HIF-1)是低氧诱导细胞产生的一种核转录因子,能通过转变细胞代谢方式、增加氧气供应等途径来协助细胞适应低氧环境。吞噬细胞清除病原菌的过程常在低氧环境中进行,HIF-1激活后会对吞噬细胞的功能产生深刻影响。本文就HIF-1的结构及活性调节、HIF-1对吞噬细胞存活力及杀菌能力的影响等进行综述。     

The effects of supplemental threonine on performance,carcass characteristics,immune response and gut health of broilers in subtropics during pre‐starter and starter period

Three hundred thirty‐day‐old unsexed commercial broiler chicks (Vencobb‐400) with initial average body weight of 44.04 ± 0.42 g were allocated into five experimental groups, in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 21‐day experiment. Groups were formed according to dose of supplemental L‐threonine in various rations i.e., 100% NRC specification, 100% threonine of Vencobb‐400 strain specification, 110% threonine of Vencobb‐400 strain specification, 120% of threonine of Vencobb‐400 strain specification and 130% threonine of Vencobb‐400 strain specification. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily body weight gain (ADG), cumulative feed conversion ratio (CFCR), carcass characteristics, immune response, intestinal morphometry and biochemical profile were studied. The ADFI and ADG increased linearly and quadratically as dietary threonine levels were increased. However, the CFCR did not differ (p ? 0.05) among the groups. Though the carcass weight and drumstick yield did not differ (p ? 0.05) among the groups, the relative breast yield increased linearly (p = 0.007). The relative dressing yield and relative thigh weight increased linearly (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). The relative weight of immune organs like bursa and thymus increased linearly. The mean total serum immunoglobulin, ND‐ELISA titre and the mean lymphocyte proliferation response index increased linearly, whereas mean phagocytic activity index of neutrophil increased linearly (p < 0.001) and quadratically (p = 0.001). The mean villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), villus surface area and mean goblet cell number/villus increased linearly and quadratically, whereas the villus width (VW) and goblet cell density increased quadratically. The serum glucose increased linearly (p = 0.001), whereas serum total protein concentration and serum globulin level increased both linearly and quadratically. The albumin: globulin ratio tended to decrease linearly. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol level. However, a linear increment (p = 0.04) in the blood serum HDL cholesterol level with a linear reduction (p = 0.01) in the blood serum LDL cholesterol was noticed.     

水稻近等不育系的涵义、选育及应用前景

采用一种新方法,将表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的大肠杆菌作为吞噬源,研究克氏原螯虾血细胞暴露于不同浓度的微囊藻毒素(Microcystin,MC)4 h后血细胞吞噬能力的变化,荧光倒置显微镜下观察具有吞噬能力的血细胞,以及血细胞对表达绿色荧光蛋白的大肠杆菌的整个吞噬过程.结果显示,各组血细胞的吞噬百分比没有显著性差异,空白组(L-15血细胞培养液+甲醇)中血细胞的吞噬百分比与对照组(L-15血细胞培养液)相比有上升趋势;处理组1(L-15血细胞培养液+1 μg/L MC-LR)、处理组2(L-15血细胞培养液+10 μg/L MC-LR)、处理组3(L-15血细胞培养液+100μg/L MC-LR)和处理组4(L-15血细胞培养液+1 000μg/L MC-LR)血细胞的吞噬百分比与对照组相比有下降趋势,并存在一定的剂量效应.对照组与空白组、4个处理组的吞噬指数均有显著性差异;其中对照组与处理组1～3的差异极显著,而空白组和4个处理组间没有显著性差异,处理组之间均没有显著性差异.结果表明,增强型绿色荧光蛋白能在大肠杆菌内稳定、持续地表达,可利用其直接观察血细胞的吞噬和包囊过程,能迅速、准确地得出吞噬百分比及吞噬指数;微囊藻毒素作用后,血细胞的吞噬指数显著降低,进而影响克氏原螯虾的免疫能力.     

Effect of supplementation of vitamin E,copper and zinc on the in vitro phagocytic activity and lymphocyte proliferation index of peripartum Sahiwal (Bos indicus) cows

To study the effect of vitamin E (VE), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on the in vitro phagocytic activity (PA) and lymphocyte proliferation response (LPR) of blood neutrophils and lymphocytes, thirty Sahiwal pregnant cows (six in each group) in their late gestation at 30 days before the expected date of calving were selected from the NDRI experimental herd and supplemented with various micronutrients from 30 days before calving to 45 days after calving. Cows were supplemented individually with VE (1000 IU/cow/day), Cu (20 ppm/cow/day) and Zn (80 ppm/cow/day) and also with a combination of VE, Cu and Zn to study cumulative effect of all micronutrients. One group without any supplementation acted as a control. Blood neutrophils and lymphocytes were isolated and studied for their PA and LPR. Supplementation of micronutrients like VE, Cu, Zn and a combination of all these nutrients significantly (p < 0.01) increased the PA of experimental cows as compared to control (unsupplemented) cows during the pre‐partum period. During post‐partum, all the micronutrients (VE, Cu, Zn and their combination) showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the PA of experimental cows as compared to control cows. Of all the groups, significant (p < 0.01) and maximum PA was observed in the combination group followed by Zn‐supplemented group during both the pre‐ and post‐partum period. A significant (p < 0.01) increase in LPR of B lymphocytes was observed in combination‐supplemented group during the pre‐partum period and during both the pre‐ and post‐partum period in the Cu‐supplemented group.