政和县村级财务管理存在的问题及解决途径

重点分析当前农村财务管理上存在的财务管理不规范等问题,并提出解决当前这些问题的途径。     

浙江省防火期内森林火险天气指标动态

基于森林火灾统计资料,采用加拿大森林火险天气指标系统(Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System,CFFWIS)分析了浙江省森林火险期内森林火险天气指标动态变化趋势。结果表明:研究区火险期内森林火灾发生次数呈递减趋势,但每场火灾的平均过火面积呈显著增加趋势(P<0.01);细小可燃物湿度码(C_FFM)和初始蔓延指标(I_IS)达到显著水平(P<0.05),可作为浙江省森林火险期火险状况的良好指标;1991-2011年,研究区森林防火期内可燃物湿度指标、火行为指标及火灾控制难易度指标总体呈增加趋势。其中,春季火险期可燃物干燥状况增加趋势较秋、冬季火险期幅度大,且已达到显著水平(P<0.05)。因此,加大该区的森林火灾防控工作,尤其是春季火险期的防控工作刻不容缓。     

舍饲肉用绵羊同期发情试验

选择神木县畜牧科技示范园种羊场1.5~3岁健康、中等以上膘情的四种繁殖母羊共600只,将其纯种萨福克羊和萨寒、陶细、德细二元杂交肉羊随机分为3个试验组和1个对照组。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用PG、阴道栓＋FSH和阴道栓＋PMSG处理,处理后96 h观察结果表明：Ⅰ组的四种羊同期发情率为：萨福克羊58.3%、德细52.9%、萨寒63.3%、陶细57.5%;Ⅱ组相应为：71.9%、78.1%、83.3%、82.1%;Ⅲ组相应为：85.7%、81.8%、87.1%、81.6%。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组处理的母羊发情率均显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组之间母羊发情率差异不显著（P〉0.05）,试验组综合效果均极显著优于对照组。四种羊以萨寒羊同期发情率最高。三种处理的母羊受胎率差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。     

放牧率和放牧时期对绵羊排粪量、采食量和干物质消化率关系的影响

实验研究表明，绵羊在同一放牧时期，随着放牧率的增大，鲜粪量有所减少，粪中干物质含量有所增大，但只有处理1．33羊／hm2·138天与6．67羊／hm2·138天问存在显著性差异。在同一放牧率条件下，不同放牧时期相比，以8月份粪中干物质含量最低；在各种处理之间，放牧绵羊全天干粪量均无显著性的差异。在同一放牧时期，随着放牧率的增大日采食量显著减少，而同一放牧率不同放牧时期的日采食量保持相对稳定。粪便的干重与干物质采食量的关系很小，与干物质消化率呈负相关。放牧绵羊白天排粪量为晚上的2倍，但粪中干物质含量几乎没有差异，同时，不同放牧率和不同放牧时期对粪便的颜色和形状等均有较明显的影响。     

茶杆竹笋期生长规律及立竹密度研究

对茶杆竹出笋成竹规律及其合理立竹密度进行研究,表明茶杆竹出笋量随时间的变化进程为“少-多-少”。茶杆竹笋期呈“S”型曲线。不同笋期的茶杆竹高生长方程相关系数为0．9371-0．9418．经检验,达到显著水平,表明用Logistic方程回归效果较好。茶杆竹立竹密度试验表明茶杆竹林分密度应以11250株／hm^2为适宜。     

对东北原油管道安全隐患的几点看法

分析了东北原油管道在建设时期遗留的安全隐患,特别是钢管螺旋焊缝缺陷和管道对口环焊缝缺陷对管道安全的影响,认为在运行的管道上难以消除这些先天性焊缝缺陷隐患,提出了对东北原油管道安全技术改造的看法及应对措施。     

温室番茄无土多层栽培技术开发研究

本研究的目的在于验证由山东农业大学园艺系研制的“鲁SC-1型”无土栽培装置及其配套栽培技术在大面积温室番茄无土多层栽培的有效性与可行性。番茄亩产量达12616.2公斤,亩产值超出土壤栽培184.98%,虽然生产成本比土壤栽培明显增大达138.34%。但由于增产基数超出土壤栽培较大,所以,亩净产值和盈利值分别比土壤栽培提高156.82%和227.73%。成本占用盈利率以及劳动盈利率等也均有明显超出。     

Calcium nutrition of the sugarbeet

Abstract

When sugarbeet seedlings are transferred from a complete nutrient solution to one from which Ca has been withheld, the rootlets and tops fail to develop. The same transfer at the eight‐leaf stage causes the rootlets to become stubby and swollen at the tips and blade expansion becomes modified; particularly the upper portions of the blades attaining nearly full development, which pucker and often develop a cupping or hooding effect; a unique symptom characteristic of Ca deficiency. As each new leaf develops, the blade area becomes smaller until only a black tip remains at the apex of the petiole, which is the symptom referred to as tip‐burn for this petiole and the successively . shorter petioles formed as Ca deficiency increases in severity. Strangely, these symptoms also appear during periods of rapid growth when the nutrient solution contains as much as 10 to 28 milliequivalents per liter of Ca or when soils are high in Ca. This implies that Ca absorption and possibly translocation limits the Ca supply at the growing point. Increasing Mg in the nutrient solution decreases Ca uptake and increases Ca deficiency. Potassium deficiency, unexpectedly, induces Ca deficiency apparently by decreasing the translocation of Ca to the growing point.

These phenomena suggest the hypothesis that when ion absorption takes place from the root exchange site that has the affinity for H > Ca > Mg > K > Na, then the H generated internally replaces, and the roots absorb, Na, K and Mg preferentially. Externally, Ca would be adsorbed preferentially from the nutrient solution by the exchange complex, and with the addition of Mg, it would compete for the common adsorption site of Ca and limit Ca absorption internally. Under these conditions potassium‐deficient nutrient solutions would not induce Ca deficiency by decreasing Ca absorption but rather by decreasing Ca translocation. Theoretically, Ba would replace H more readily than Ca on the exchange complex, and therefore, Ba would be adsorbed preferentially and Ca uptake would increase. This effect of Ba was verified experimentally.

Since the translocation of ⁴⁵Ca to the growing point was found to be unrestricted under Ca‐sufficient and Ca‐deficient conditions and since the formation of insoluble Ca compounds such as phosphate or oxalate did not account for the Ca deficiency at the growing point, the cause of the Ca deficiency at the growing point is most likely the higher priority of the storage root for Ca over tops when leaf blades and storage root are both expanding rapidly. However, Ca retransport from older to younger parts of the sugarbeet plant may be restricted by the formation of Ca phosphate under Ca‐deficient conditions and Ca oxalate under Ca‐sufficient conditions.

Calcium deficiency increases net photosynthesis per unit blade area initially, probably because of blade puckering, but not on a per unit chlorophyll basis.     

氨基酸添加方式和营养液杀菌方式对生菜产量与品质的影响

研究了生菜水培过程中,用混合氨基酸替代20％硝态氮时,不同的氨基酸添加方式和营养液的杀菌方式对生菜产量和品质的影响。试验于生菜采收前12 d开始进行,试验设置4个处理:A．替代氨基酸1次全部加入;B．每3 d添加氨基酸替代总量的1／4,共添加4次;C．氨基酸分次添加(添加方式同B处理),每次添加前营养液通臭氧0．5 h杀菌; D．氨基酸分次添加(添加方式同B处理),每次添加前把营养液加热到60-70℃保持10 min进行杀菌,然后迅速把营养液温度降低到常温。结果表明,在不杀菌的情况下,1次添加的产量和品质优于分次添加,但在降低硝酸盐含量方面,分次添加优于1次添加;在分次添加的情况下,杀菌与不杀菌相比,杀菌可以明显提高生菜的产量和品质,加热杀菌对生菜产量和品质的影响优于臭氧杀菌,臭氧杀菌处理的生菜根系活力、叶绿素等指标高于加热杀菌,但2种杀菌方式之间差异不大。     

电气工程及其自动化专业生产实习模式研究

从生产实习的现状入手,以石河子大学电气工程及其自动化专业为例,分析了生产实习的重要性,并就存在的问题提出了解决方案。