应用化学指标表征红大品种烟叶的品质特征

[目的]探讨一种全面、完善地应用烟叶化学指标表征其品质特征的方法.[方法]以红大、K326、云87等5种具有代表性的烤烟品种的C3F烟叶为材料,对烤烟的评吸结果、常规指标、致香成分、有机酸等指标进行比较分析.[结果]红大烟叶清甜韵好,香气量充足;在常规指标中表现为烟碱、总糖、还原糖、pH高于其他品种;在致香成分中表现为直链脂肪酸及酯高于其他品种烟叶;在有机酸中表现为异戊酸、2-甲基丁酸、十六酸、苯甲酸含量高于其他品种烟叶.[结论]研究可为应用化学指标表征红大品种烟叶的品质特征提供理论及试验依据.     

酚类物质对葡萄酒品质的影响

酚类物质作为葡萄酒的"骨架"成分,在葡萄酒中起着十分重要的作用。在葡萄酒中,一般常见的酚类物质可概括为类黄酮和非类黄酮2类,这些酚类物质主要来源于葡萄的果实、果梗、酵母代谢以及储酒容器橡木桶等,它们直接影响着葡萄酒的色泽、口感和香气,对葡萄酒的品质和风味特征有很大的影响。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对红姑娘酒陈酿过程中酚类物质的影响

以红姑娘(Physalis alkekengi L.)酒为试验材料研究葡萄糖氧化酶对红姑娘酒陈酿过程中酚类物质的影响.结果表明,葡萄糖氧化酶使酚类物质的降解速率变缓,其中鞣花酸降解速率显著低于对照,儿茶素、咖啡酸、槲皮素与对照无显著差异.     

Removal Efficiency and Influence Factors of Bromide in Water by MIEX

Jar tests were used to study the removal efficiency and influence factors caused by common anions and organic compounds of bromide in water by a new magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX). The results show that MIEX can remove bromide in pure water effectively. The removal rates of bromide by MIEX are all over 90% when the equilibrium time of ion exchange reaction between MIEX and bromide is 5 min and 3 min and the dosage is 10 mL/L and 20 mL/L, respectively. Even containing other common negatively charged matter which has inhibitory effect to some extent, the removal rates reach 50%. Anionic content and the selectivity of MIEX are the main influence factors to reduce bromide in water by MIEX. The existence of organic compounds decreases the removal rate of bromide in water by MIEX, which is approximately 70%. There are differences between anions and organic compounds in removal processes by MIEX. The equilibrium time of ion exchange reaction removing anions is about 5 min, while it takes over 20 min to remove organic compounds measured with UV 254 and DOC, respectively by MIEX with the dosage of 10 mL/L.     

落叶松挥发性有机物释放动态研究

利用SUMMA罐收集落叶松挥发物,采用预浓缩与GC/MS联用系统对不同季节的落叶松挥发性有机物成分进行分析。结果表明:不同季节落叶松挥发物的成分包括萜类、烷烃、烯烃及炔烃类、酮类、呋喃类、醇类、醛类、酸类、酯类8大类化合物,共110种,其中以萜烯类化合物为主,且含量随季节变化显著。(1S,3S)-(+)-间-薄荷-4,8-二烯(12.58%)、植紫三烯(9.02%)、(E)-2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔(18.13%)、(Z)-2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔(17.63%)构成了春季萜类化合物的主要成分,夏季以1,3-戊二烯(23.53%)为主,秋季则以(-)-蒎烯(17.04%)、IR?α?蒎烯(37.09%)为主。     

酚类物质对东北山樱生长及呼吸关键酶的影响

 以东北山樱（Cerasus sachalinensis Kom.）幼苗为试验材料,研究了根施酚类物质对羟基苯甲酸和香豆素对其生长和呼吸关键酶的影响。结果表明,低浓度的香豆素显著促进东北山樱幼苗生长,提高幼苗光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学效率、呼吸底物含量、中间产物丙酮酸含量和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活性,不影响糖酵解途径（EMP）和磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）关键酶活性;高浓度香豆素抑制生长,降低PSⅡ最大光化学效率、淀粉含量、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（IDH）和磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）活性。对羟基苯甲酸及其与香豆素的混合溶液在3个作用浓度（0.1、1.0和10 mmol · L-1）下均不同程度地抑制幼苗生长,降低柠檬酸含量,促进PPP关键酶活性提高。低浓度对羟基苯甲酸对幼苗PSⅡ最大光化学效率和呼吸底物含量无影响,但提高丙酮酸含量、己糖激酶（HK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）和琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性,降低IDH、MDH活性;高浓度对羟基苯甲酸使幼苗PSⅡ最大光化学效率、呼吸底物和中间产物含量、PFK、PK、IDH、MDH活性下降,HK活性提高。     

Iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides from Sideritis trojana

From the MeOH extract of Sideritis trojana, a new iridoid glycoside, 10-O-(E)-feruloylmelittoside (1) was obtained in addition to four known iridoid glycosides [melittoside (2), 10-O-(E)-p-coumaroylmelittoside (3), stachysosides E (4) and G (5)]. Moreover, five phenylethanoid glycosides [verbascoside (6), isoacteoside (7), lamalboside (8), leonoside A (9), isolavandulifolioside (10), three flavone glycosides (isoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (11), 4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (12), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (13) and a benzylalcohol derivative (di-O-methylcrenatin) were obtained and identified. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRMS data. All compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity by in vitro TEAC assay and some of them exhibited moderate activity (0.97-1.44 mM) when compared with the reference compound (quercetin 1.86 mM). Glycosides 6-13, the most active compounds in the TEAC assay, were also tested by flow cytometry to evaluate their ability to affect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human prostate cancer cells (PC3).     

几类干草防腐剂简介

对牧草进行打捆储藏可以有效降低牧草营养损失,但储藏过程中因微生物的作用会导致牧草发热甚至腐败从而降低其饲用价值。因此,在干草调制过程中,应添加干草防腐剂以抑制微生物的生长和繁殖。本文对几种常用干草防腐剂进行介绍,以供同行调制干草时参考。     

顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱法测定菠萝蜜果肉中的香气成分

为使菠萝蜜香气成分的检测和鉴定更加快速有效,研究3种固相微萃取头对菠萝蜜果实挥发物的萃取效果,并利用气相色谱-质谱对干苞和湿苞类型菠萝蜜果实中的香气成分进行分析鉴定.结果表明,在3种萃取头中,以100 μm PDMS萃取效果最好.经100 μm PDMS萃取头萃取后,在菠萝蜜干、湿苞果实中共鉴定出66种香气物质,酯类53种,醛类6种,醇类3种,烯类2种,萜类和烷类各1种.干苞果实中主要的香气成分是戊酸-2-甲基丁酯(31.87％)、2-甲基-丁酸-己酯(23.594％)、异戊酸乙酯(10.923％)、乙酸丁酯(3.337％)、丁酸丁酯(3.164％)、己酸丁酯(3.135％);湿苞果实中主要的香气成分为2-甲基-丁酸-己酯(29.807％)、异戊酸乙酯(21.47％)、戊酸-2-甲基丁酯(21.405％)、乙酸丁酯(3.451％).顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法可作为菠萝蜜果实香味检测的便捷方法.