Genetic diversity and population structure of Indian melon (Cucumis melo L.) landraces with special reference to disease and insect resistance loci

This study was aimed to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Indian melon landraces with special reference to disease and insect resistance loci. Thirty‐six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers along with seven markers at disease and insect resistance loci were used for this purpose on a panel of 91 accessions available at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India. Model‐based structure analysis revealed the presence of four groups that were consistent with the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The delineation of populations was mostly based on geography with improved varieties as a separate group. Ten accessions have been identified to possess beneficial alleles at all the selected disease resistance loci and shall be useful for incorporating multiple disease resistance after phenotypic validation. The results obtained in the current study demonstrate the importance of the Indian melon group as a valuable genetic reservoir and the need to plan strategies for its conservation and utilization in breeding programmes.     

钾肥对籽瓜产量与效益的影响

试验采用土壤养分状况系统研究法，根据土壤养分状况研究钾对籽瓜与瓜籽的经济性状、瓜籽产量及效益的影响。结果表明，施钾改善了籽瓜的单瓜重、单瓜瓜籽重、单瓜产籽数、产籽率、瓜籽百粒重、纵、横径及出仁率；施钾提高了籽瓜产量，与不施钾比较，施钾后，瓜籽产量增加157～230kg/hm^2，增产幅度9．2％～13．5％；施钾提高了籽瓜的产值与纯收入，与不施钾相比，施钾后，新增加产值942～1375元／hm^2，新增加纯收入818—1104元／hm^2，边际效益分析结果表明，籽瓜最高产量与最大利润的钾用量为135kg/hm^2。     

嫁接对铜胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长及内源激素水平的影响

【目的】研究嫁接对铜胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长发育与内源激素水平的影响。【方法】试验以南瓜‘京欣砧3号’为砧木,薄皮甜瓜‘IVF09’为接穗,自根苗为对照,测定不同Cu2+浓度(0,400,800μmol/L)胁迫下甜瓜自根苗和嫁接苗生长指标、激素水平和气孔导度的变化。【结果】在铜胁迫条件下,甜瓜幼苗生长受到抑制、叶片内源激素水平改变,但在同一浓度Cu2+胁迫条件下嫁接苗的生物量大于自根苗。嫁接苗叶片中IAA含量显著高于自根苗,ABA、GA3、ZR含量均显著低于自根苗,其中在800μmol/L Cu2+胁迫下嫁接苗叶片IAA、ZR含量与自根苗的差异最大,为自根苗的1.30和0.77倍,而在400μmol/L Cu2+胁迫下,嫁接苗的ABA、GA3含量与自根苗的差异最大,为自根苗的0.68和0.92倍。嫁接苗叶片的ABA/IAA、ABA/GA3、ABA/ZR值均小于自根苗,且嫁接苗叶片中ABA/IAA和ABA/GA3值变化幅度小于自根苗。铜胁迫下,甜瓜嫁接苗气孔导度(Gs)与ABA/ZR值呈极显著负相关,嫁接苗气孔导度的调节受到了ABA和ABA/ZR值的调控,从而维持了较高的气孔导度,增强了甜瓜对铜胁迫的耐性。【结论】嫁接可通过改变内源激素含量而增强甜瓜幼苗对铜胁迫的耐受性,并且有效维持植物内源激素的平衡,促进甜瓜幼苗正常生长。     

甜瓜可溶性固形物含量的基因效应分析

采用半轮配双列杂交,分析了甜瓜可溶性固形物含量的遗传特性,研究结果表明,遗传方差组成中,基因的加性效应和显性效应都是显著的,但加性效应占相对主要优势,狭义遗传力(hN2)值为65%。基因的分布是不均衡的,控制该性状的基因W为显性基因,但表现为不完全显性,可溶性固形物含量选择的较好世代在F4代。     

甜瓜种质资源若干果实数量性状差异研究及分级探讨

利用152份甜瓜资源的6个主要果实数量性状,分析各性状品种间差异,参照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)标准,对我国甜瓜品种资源进行了果实数量性状分级探讨并拟定标准品种.结果表明,各性状品种间差异均在24.4;(果实横径)以上,最高达到57.5;(果脐大小);按1、3、5、7、9代码分为5级,其中,果皮厚度、果实沟间宽度、果脐大小和果肉厚度省略了极端级代码,确定分级评价指标,每一性状在不同级别拟定标准品种并用具体数值进行描述,对甜瓜品种果实数量性状分级描述提供科学依据.     

大蒜轮作与瓜类枯萎病发病的关系

2000～2001年在嘉兴的试验研究表明大蒜与瓜类轮作辅以休闲明显地减轻了瓜类枯萎病的危害,发病率由瓜类连作时的50%下降到10%。土壤中(干土)病原菌孢子的存活量也由瓜类连作时的14.1×104cfu/g降低到1.2×104cfu/g。同时室内抑菌试验表明,大蒜能够明显抑制病原菌菌丝的生长,5种浓度3种浸提时间的大蒜浸提液中以浸提时间为1d浓度在25g/L的浸提液对菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,达72%;浸提7d浓度为1.56g/L的浸提液抑菌效果仅为20%。因此为减轻瓜类枯萎病的损失,提倡瓜类与大蒜作物轮作并适时休闲。     

苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白MAP30的原核表达与抗体制备

苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白MAP30(Momordica charantia antiviral protein 30)是苦瓜中一种具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗菌等多种生物活性的蛋白质.将舍有重组表达质粒pET-28(a)-MAP30的大肠杆菌BL21进行诱导表达获得了重组蛋白MAP30,对IPTG(异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷)诱导浓度、诱导时间表达条件的分析表明,工程菌经0.2mmol·L~(-1) IPTG诱导6 h实现高效可溶性表达.利用镍离子鏊合亲和层析对重组蛋白纯化,当洗脱液中咪唑的浓度为100 mmol·L~(-1)时,目的蛋白被洗脱的效果最好.将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫家兔,获得了特异性的多克隆抗血清.     

哈密瓜内生拮抗细菌的筛选及其抑菌物质研究初报

通过测定菌体及胞外分泌物抑菌活性,从378个哈密瓜内生细菌中筛选出了对瓜类细菌性叶斑病菌、疫霉病菌具有较强拮抗活性的菌株。对抗菌活性显著的197菌株的胞外抑菌活性物质进行了初步研究。研究显示:197菌株胞外分泌物的抗菌效价可达80倍;其抗菌活性物质为蛋白质类物质,可通过15%-90%饱和度的硫酸铵盐析,其中75%硫酸铵饱和度提取的粗蛋白的抗菌活性最强;该抗菌蛋白具有一定的耐热性,温度高于40℃后抑菌活性逐渐下降,100℃下仍能保持部分抑菌活性,120℃时全部丧失。     

Concentrations of total nitrogen in squash,cucumber and melon in relation to growth,and to a piper‐steenbjerg effect

Abstract

Squash (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucranis sativus), and sweet melon (Cucumis dudain) were grown in sand cultures with N supply concentrations as the variable. For several reasons, total‐N values were found to be less satisfactory than NO ‐N for the purpose of determining the critical nitrogen concentration for maximum growth. Concentrations of total‐N in mature petioles were higher in plants severely deficient in N than in less deficient plants, characteristic of a Piper‐Steenbjerg effect.