日粮中添加丙烯酸对绵羊消化代谢的影响

选取25只身体健康,体重32kg左右的8月龄中国美利奴(新疆型)细毛公羊,日粮精粗比为25∶75,采用分组试验设计,分别是对照组、添喂丙酸8,12mmol/(d·只)组和添喂丙烯酸8,12mmol/(d·只)组,研究丙烯酸对绵羊消化代谢和体增重的影响。结果表明,与对照组和添喂丙酸组相比,添喂丙烯酸组绵羊干物质采食量没有显著差异(P>0.05);添喂丙烯酸组与对照组相比,半纤维素消化率提高5.15%~9.70%,纤维素消化率提高3.64%~5.73%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);8mmol丙烯酸组钙、磷的消化率分别高于8mmol丙酸组2.86%和8.39%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);添喂8,12mmol/(d·只)丙烯酸组绵羊的尿氮排出量(g/d)分别低于对照组12%和18%,而N保留率与对照组相比分别提高5.35%和3.91%,但均没有显著差异(P>0.05)。添喂丙烯酸组绵羊的体增重和饲料利用率与对照组和丙酸组相比没有显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究表明,添喂丙烯酸对绵羊的采食量、干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、纤维素、半纤维素的消化量(率)均无显著影响(P>0.05),对绵羊氮、钙、磷的代谢无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

绵羊中草药饲料添加剂预试初报

为了帮助我国北方旱区或半干旱区绵羊度过草枯严寒的漫长冬、春季，开发研制一种能够提高现有草料利用率的绵羊中草药饲料添加剂。根据中兽医药学的辨证施治理论，采用小鼠日粮添加倍量秸秆粉和不同中草药复方的方法，在120只小鼠上进行了增重率和重料比的中草药复方的筛选研究。结果表明，以益气养血和消食健胃为主的两个中草药复方能够较好地改善小鼠的增重率和重料比。     

冬季羔羊舍饲育肥中应用膨润土的试验研究

在玉米秸为主的日粮中每头添加膨润土１６ｇ／ｄ和羟甲基尿素２０ｇ／ｄ进行羔羊快速育肥试验。结果表明,羔羊日增重由对照组的６５．００ｇ提高到试验组的１２０．６３ｇ,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。饲料转化效率提高４６．０１％。４０ｄ后羔羊瘤胃液ｐＨ值明显降低。膨润土能改善羔羊瘤胃消化代谢并促进羔羊生长。     

In ovo injection of branched‐chain amino acids: Embryonic development,hatchability and hatching quality of turkey poults

In this study, the influence of a branched‐chain amino acid blend (BCAA composed of 3 l ‐leucine:1 l ‐valine:2 l ‐isoleucine) injected into the amniotic fluid was evaluated for embryonic growth, yolk‐sac (YS) utilization and development of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and skeletal muscles of turkey embryos from day 24 of incubation (24E) to hatching, together with hatchability, poult quality and liver L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values at hatch. At day 22 of incubation, embryonated eggs (n = 240) were assigned to three treatments, that is, eggs were not injected (control, NC) or injected with 1.5 ml sterile solution with 0.9% salt (SA) or 0.2% BCAA blend (BCAAb). These solutions were injected manually into the amniotic fluid of the embryonated eggs. To determine weights and lengths (where appropriate) of the studied organs and tissues, four embryonated eggs and poults per treatment were selected at 24E and at hatch. While the BCAAb decreased the YS and embryo weight, hatchability and the liver L* value, it increased the weight and quality of poults and the weights of breast and thigh muscles at hatch. In conclusion, the in ovo feeding of the BCAA blend negatively affected hatchability but positively affected hatching weight and poult quality by improving development of skeletal muscles and by regulating energy metabolism.     

不同导血水平对夏南牛生长发育的影响

本研究把夏南牛各代次、各年龄段牛与南阳牛之间体重做了比较分析;同时与原保留对比试验组的含夏洛来牛血50%和25%的两组横交牛进行比较,结果表明:新品种牛公牛的0、6、12、18月龄四个年龄段与南阳牛相比,体重差异均为极显著(P<0.01).母牛在O、6、12、18、24、30、36月龄各年龄段与南阳牛相比,体重差异均为极显著(P0.05).     

Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in calves with respect to the acute-phase response

Our objective was to develop a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model in calves to evaluate the acute-phase response with respect to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, fever development and sickness behaviour. Fourteen 4-week-old male Holstein Friesian calves were included and randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 3) and an LPS-challenged group (n = 11). The latter received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg body weight. Blood collection and clinical scoring were performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 48, 54 and 72 h post LPS administration (p.a.). In the LPS group, the following clinical signs were observed successively: tachypnoea (on average 18 min p.a.), decubitus (29 min p.a.), general depression (1.75 h p.a.), fever (5 h p.a.) and tachycardia (5 h p.a.). Subsequent to the recovery from respiratory distress, general depression was prominent, which deteriorated when fever increased. One animal did not survive LPS administration, whereas the other animals recovered on average within 6.1 h p.a. Moreover, the challenge significantly increased plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with peaking levels at 1, 3.5, 24 and 18 h p.a., respectively. The present LPS model was practical and reproducible, caused obvious clinical signs related to endotoxemia and a marked change in the studied inflammatory mediators, making it a suitable model to study the immunomodulatory properties of drugs in future research.     

天然黄色茧蚕品种实验室比较与生产应用试验

经过对新育成的黄色茧品种与生产应用白色茧品种秋丰×白玉的对比试验及丝质鉴定,秋丰×黄,正反交、秋丰×HJ,正反交这两对黄色茧品种具有龄期短、抗病力强、虫蛹率高的优点;黄色茧品种的产茧量与对照种相比差距不显著;两对黄色茧品种的鲜茧出丝率等茧丝质指标略低于对照,解舒丝长达到750m左右,解舒率均在65％以上,净度优良,符合缫丝业对茧质的基本要求。对其中的秋丰×HJ7在农村进行规模化中秋蚕饲养与缫丝应用试验,符合生产应用要求。     

两种饲料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响

为了探讨牧户传统自配饲料与全价精料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响,选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海半细毛羊妊娠母羊60只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30只,在临近预产期42d开始进行补饲试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊平均初生重为3.41kg;对照组羔羊平均初生重为3.06kg;试验组羔羊比对照组羔羊高0.35kg,提高11.33%,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

能量对低出生体重仔猪死亡率、断奶重和初乳摄入量的影响

文章探讨了能量补充对低出生体重仔猪的死亡率、断奶体重、日增重及初乳摄入量的影响。处理组选择22头母猪所产的306头活仔猪,其中极低出生体重(<1 kg)72头,低出生体重(1~1.2 kg)77头,分别于出生时和出生后8~12 h口服能量补充剂。对照组选择24头母猪所产的340头活仔猪,其中极低出生体重81头,低出生体重74头。结果显示:能量补充较对照组显著降低了极低出生重仔猪哺乳3 d的死亡率(P <0.05),有降低低出生重仔猪死亡率的趋势(P=0.07)。总的来说,能量补充剂有降低仔猪哺乳3 d死亡率的趋势(P=0.06)。能量补充较对照组对极低出生重仔猪哺乳7和21 d存活优势率显著提高了4.04和3.59倍(P <0.05)。对照组较处理组显著提高了仔猪的断奶重(P <0.05)。对照组与处理组对仔猪的日增重、初乳摄入量及出生产量的影响均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。处理组母猪初乳产量在数值上比对照组低(P> 0.05),但处理组母猪初乳产量均匀性在数值上较对照组好。综上所述,能量补充通过为极低出生体重仔猪直接提供能量而不是通过提高初乳的摄入量来降低其断奶前的死亡率。