牧区极端条件下绵羊饲喂秸秆应急料的研究

为研究小麦(Triticum aestivum)秸秆型及玉米(Zea mays)秸秆型全价颗粒饲料作为家畜草料空缺期的应急料,在高寒牧区特殊气候条件下对甘肃高山细毛羊育成羊生长发育的影响,本研究选择体况相近的6月龄甘肃高山细毛羊育成母羊48只,随机分为试验组Ⅰ(18只,每只仅饲喂小麦秸秆型全价颗粒饲料1.2 kg·d^–1)、试验组Ⅱ(17只,每只仅饲喂玉米秸秆型全价颗粒饲料1.2 kg·d^–1)、对照组[13只,每只饲喂玉米0.05 kg·d^–1+燕麦草(Avena sativa) 0.2 kg·d^–1],在舍饲条件下进行为期16 d的饲喂试验。结果表明:试验组Ⅱ羊只平均日增重显著高于对照组(P <0.05);试验组Ⅱ羊只血清中总蛋白、球蛋白的浓度显著高于对照组(P <0.05);试验组Ⅰ羊只血清中谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活性及白蛋白的浓度显著高于对照组(P <0.05),试验组Ⅱ与对照组无显著差异(P> 0.05)。由此可见,用玉米秸秆型全价颗粒饲料作为应急料优于传统的燕麦...     

鸸鹋卵人工孵化初探

对1998～2002年哈尔滨北方森林动物园鸸鹋卵人工孵化条件进行综合分析,以初步确定鸸鹋人工孵化的适宜条件,结果表明,卵型指数为1.52～1.56的鸸鹋卵,孵化温度控制在36.5～37.4℃,孵化湿度为50%～61%,孵化期失重在10%～15%之间能获得最佳孵化率和健雏率。Hoty方程计算出鸸鹋卵特异系数CSS为0.000565(n=60)。鸸鹋卵平放180°,每2h翻1次卵,晾1次卵,翻卵角度为90°能明显提高鸸鹋出雏率和健雏率,及时熟练的人工助产是避免鸸鹋后期死亡的重要手段。     

AA肉鸡腿肌重活体估测方法的探讨

以AA肉鸡商品代为试验材料,分析0、7、14、21、28、35、42日龄公、母鸡整体和腿肌的累积生长,建立腿肌重(y)与活重(x)之间的直线回归、幂回归、指数回归、对数回归及多项式回归方程,探讨腿肌重的活体估测方法。结果表明,AA肉鸡的腿肌在后期生长迅速,尤其是公鸡在35～42日龄时期表现突出;腿肌重(y)与活重(x)的幂回归、直线回归、多项式回归方程的拟合精度均在0.95左右,效果较好。     

干法膨化宠物饲料技术参数关系的研究

采用双螺杆膨化机干法工艺对宠物全价粉状饲料进行膨化并制粒,研究所得产品的容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度指标之间的关系,以及设备参数和配方特性对颗粒饲料容重的影响。结果表明:容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度密切相关;设备参数与配方特性均对产品容重有极显著影响;通过容重的测定估测其熟度和硬度具有可行性;可以通过调节喂料速度和膨化玉米比例控制产品容重。     

The Effects of Replacing Dicalcium Phosphate with Busumbu Rock Phosphate on Performance and the Mechanical Properties of Bone in Growing Chicks

Three hundred, day-old broiler chicks, with an average initial weight of 41.8±1.79 g, were used in a 15-day study (10 birds per battery cage) to characterize their performance and fluorine status when dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was replaced by Busumbu rock phosphate (BRP) as the source of phosphorus in the chicks' ration. The treatments comprised a standard ration with BRP replacing 0, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of DCP. Replacing DCP with BRP significantly reduced the final weight of the chicks (p<0.01), feed intake (p<0.01), weight gains (p<0.01) and dry matter digestibility (p<0.05) but increased (p<0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio. True phosphorus absorption and the percentage of phosphorus in the tibia were not affected by increasing amounts of BRP in the diet. Increasing levels of BRP in the diet linearly reduced (p<0.01) the percentage bone ash, calcium, Ca:P ratio, ultimate breaking force, bending moment, stress, and modulus of elasticity. Leg stiffness, lameness, reduced feed intake, and a decline in general health were recorded in 10–40% of the chicks on 75% and 100% BRP, respectively. These results suggest that excessive ingestion of fluorine from the BRP caused the reduction in the chicks' performance.     

湖羊及其杂交后代中双羔羔羊断奶期的生长发育研究

采用SAS8．2的GLM过程和ttest过程对同期出生、不同杂交组合方式的290头 湖羊杂交后代的体重和日增重进行分析。结果表明,不同杂交组合方式对子一代初出生重和二 月龄断奶重都有显著提高,但只有三元杂交对二月龄日增重有显著影响。不同杂交组合间,美 利奴×夏洛来×湖羊组合效果最好,与其它三组都有显著差异。     

牛初乳免疫球蛋白对仔猪血清IgG含量和增重的影响

试验选用120头大白仔猪,随机分为3组。A组为对照组,饲喂生理盐水,其余各组均于出生后24 h之内饲喂不同剂量的牛初乳免疫球蛋白制剂,观察对仔猪5、10日龄血清中牛IgG和猪IgG含量以及断奶时增重的影响。结果表明,饲喂牛初乳免疫球蛋白制剂4 g的仔猪,其5、10日龄血清中牛IgG和猪IgG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),断奶时增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

草原红牛导入丹麦红牛血液试验效果(第二报)

为了提高草原红牛的生产性能,1985年开始在翁牛特旗海金山种牛场进行了草原红牛导入丹麦红牛血液试验。初步试验结果表明:丹红F_1毛色基本同草原红牛;尻部宽、长而平,原有斜尻缺点已明显得到改进;各阶段体重、体尺均有明显提高,尤以体躯的重量、宽度、高度和后躯的提高更为显著;适应性与草原红牛无差别;其产肉性能和产奶性能比草原红牛亦有明显提高。     

康县太平鸡早期生长曲线拟合及体重与体尺相关性分析

为研究太平鸡早期生长发育规律,提高品种选育效果,采用Logistic、Von Bertalanffy、Gompertz三种非线性生长模型对其体重进行拟合,并对13周龄的体重与体尺进行相关性分析。结果表明：Gompertz模型对太平鸡0～15周龄体重的拟合效果最佳,拟合所得的太平公、母鸡的拐点周龄分别为7.08周、6.84周,拐点体重分别为572.24 g、482.74 g,成熟体重分别为1 555.34 g、1 312.09 g;13周龄太平鸡体重与体尺之间存在不同程度的相关性,公鸡的体重与体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、骨盆宽呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;母鸡的体重与龙骨长、胫长、胫围、胸围、骨盆宽呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。     

Multi‐level mixed models for evaluating factors affecting the mortality and weaning weight of piglets in large‐scale commercial farms in central China

This study investigated the factors affecting piglet mortality (square root of mortality, SQRM) and average weaning weight (AWW) in commercial farms in central China. Information on sow diets, management and climate from 2478 weaning batches completed in 16 pig farms was collected from 2009 to 2013. Multi‐level mixed models, which included batch level (level 1) and farm level (level 2), were used to analyze the factors associated with SQRM and AWW. The mean values of SQRM and AWW were 2.52% (SD = 0.96) and 7.31 (SD = 0.77), respectively. Lactation sow diets supplemented with oregano essential oils (OEOs) decreased the SQRM (P < 0.05) and increased the AWW of piglets (P < 0.01). The SQRM was lower in period 2 (June to September, hot) than in period 1 (February to May, warm) and period 3 (October to January, cold; P < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). The AWW was lower in periods 2 and 3 than in period 1 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, supplying OEOs to lactation diets can increase the weaning weight and reduce the mortality of piglets. The sources of variations in SQRM and AWW are of greater concern in the warm season than in the hot season.