茉莉酸甲酯诱导柿树挥发物对红点唇瓢虫吸引力的持续效应

为明确茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)诱导柿树(Diospyros kaki Linn.f.)挥发物成分的变化对蚧虫的天敌昆虫红点唇瓢虫(Chilocorus kuwanae Silvestri)吸引力的持续效应,应用3种剂量(20、100μL和200μL)的MeJA处理柿树,通过"Y"型嗅觉仪测试瓢虫的行为反应,并采用顶空收集和气质联用(GC/MS)分析挥发物的组成和相对含量。结果表明,MeJA可以诱导树体挥发物成分发生改变,对瓢虫产生吸引力,其持续效应可达1d以上。而不同剂量的处理组之间存在差异,高剂量组中萜烯类物质含量最多,在处理后3h瓢虫的趋性最强,相应的α-蒎烯含量高达34.05%。处理3～5d后吸引力显著下降,α-蒎烯等化合物的含量也逐渐减少。因此,茉莉酸甲酯的连续应用可以招引更多的瓢虫来控制蚧虫。     

六甲基六元瓜环与紫精衍生物作用体系及其除草活性研究

以紫精衍生物为研究对象,利用核磁共振技术、紫外吸收光谱和循环伏安法等方法,发现六甲基六元瓜环包结了紫精衍生物的烷基部分,形成2∶1比例的哑铃型包结配合物.结果表明,随着紫精衍生物烷基链的增长,紫精衍生物对杂草的除草活性依次减弱,且六甲基六元瓜环可增强紫精衍生物的除草活性.     

运用多隔层根箱研究玉米幼苗根际微域中芘的降解

采用多隔层根箱,通过尼龙撩网插片的控制,实现根室土(S0)、离根室0～2mm(S1)、2～4mm(S2)、4～6mm(S3)及6mm(S4)各室层土壤的分离采集,分析离根系表面不同距离土壤芘的根际降解,并借助脂肪酸甲酯(fattyacidmethylester,FAME)分析土壤微生物群落结构的空间响应机制。结果表明:种植玉米处理的各室层内土壤可提取态芘含量存在显著的不同,其大小顺序为S4S3S0S2S1;各室层微生物群落结构存在显著的变化,其中微生物生物量和丛枝菌根真菌特征脂肪酸含量表现出与土壤可提取态芘含量变化相反的变化趋势。未种植玉米处理的各室层土壤可提取态芘含量和微生物群落结构没有差异。土壤可提取态芘含量与微生物生物量和丛枝菌根真菌的特征脂肪酸呈显著负相关(p0.01)。     

废弃农耕地自然演替过程中微生物群落与土壤特性间的关系

The changes of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) and microbial community in the topsoil of the abandoned agricultural land on the semi-arid Loess Plateau in China during the natural succession were evaluated to understand the relationship between microbial community and soil properties. MBC and MBN were measured using fumigation extraction, and microbial community was analyzed by the method of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The contents of organic C, total N, MBC, MBN, total FAME, fungal FAME, bacterial FAME and Gram-negative bacterial FAME at the natural succession sites were higher than those of the agricultural land, but lower than those of the natural vegetation sites. The MBC, MBN and total FAME were closely correlated with organic C and total N. Furthermore, organic C and total N were found to be positively correlated with fungal FAME, bacterial FAME, fungal/bacterial and Gram-negative bacterial FAME. Natural succession would be useful for improving soil microbial properties and might be an important alternative for sustaining soil quality on the semi-arid Loess Plateau in China.     

不同酯酶型球孢白僵菌株系及相同酯酶型株系经寄主转移后毒力变化的研究

对12个酯酶型的16株白僵菌进行了毒力生物测定.结果表明,不同酯酶型株系对松毛虫的毒力差异显著,LT50可相差数倍;同一酯酶型株系经不同寄主转移后,其毒力也发生了较明显的变化.如从松灰象甲上分离出的不同酯酶型的2株白僵菌[MGS980404-21(酯酶型05),MGS980510-06(酯酶型06)]和人工释放的酯酶型02菌株Bb13毒力都很高,而从松灰象甲分离出的与释放菌株属同一酯酶型的另一个菌株MGS980507-34,毒力虽然很低,但却是林间最常见的流行菌株.上述结果理解为白僵菌在林间的宿存,尤其是它在松毛虫低虫口状态下能在林间长期宿存不绝的原因,以及对于从林间采集筛选高毒菌株提供了可能.     

Catalytic Performance of H3PW12O40-TiO2/bentonite in Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 hydrogel was prepared by the sol-gel method, and then H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was prepared through the intercalation of H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 into interlayer space. The characterization of XRD, SEM and EDS showed that H3PW12O40TiO2 species were successfully immobilized on bentonite, and the layer strucure of bentonite was changed. The discrete anatase TiO2 existed on the bentonite. H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was a composite material with the different particle size and th loose structure. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange showed that the photocatalytic activity of catalyst had been better by doping H3PW12O40, and the H3PW12O40/TiO2/bentonite had a wide applicable range of pH value. Moreover, H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite had a good catalytic stability. Based on the results of characterization analysis and catalytic performance, the schematic procedure for the action mechanism of H3PW12O40TiO2/Bentonite in photocatalysis was presented.     

气质联用仪测定水果中的甲基异柳磷农药残留

建立了水果中甲基异柳磷农药残留的气相色谱-质谱仪检测方法。水果样品用乙腈匀浆提取,盐析离心后,取上清液,经固相萃取柱净化,用乙腈-甲苯溶液(3+1)洗脱农药及相关化学品,溶剂交换后用安捷伦7890B-7000D气质联用仪检测。结果表明,空白样品加标回收率范围为88.6%～112.8%,相对标准偏差小于10%,甲基异柳磷的检出限为0.001 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏、重现性强、回收率高、基质干扰少,适用于农药残留量的测定。     

杜仲酯酶同工酶地理递变及生长预测的研究

本文对38个杜仲无性系进行了酯酶同工酶与不同地理种源及胸径生长量的相关分析发现:酯酶同工酶存在明显的地理递变;酯酶一级酶带数量与杜仲年均胸径生长量呈正相关。     

木材辐射接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的效果

用 γ射线辐照研究了五种木材辐射接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯的效果,以及３ 种辐照方式和辐射剂量对接枝增重率的影响⒚结果表明：五种木材的接枝增重率分别处在 ２３．６％ ～１６６．５％ 范围内, 其中杉木的接枝增重效果最好⒚辐照方式和辐射剂量对接枝增重效果有一定影响,浸水辐照有助于提高接枝增重率,辐射剂量与接枝增重率呈正相关⒚     

The persistence of methyl bromide residues in rice,dried fruit,seeds and nuts following laboratory fumigation

The persistence of methyl bromide (MB) in white rice, brown rice, sultanas, raisins, pumpkin seeds, brazil nuts, groundnuts and walnuts was monitored following laboratory fumigations at different concentration time products and temperatures. A sensitive automated headspace gas chromatographic method with a limit of quantitation of 0.005 mg kg⁻¹ was used to determine MB residues. Nuts and seeds sorbed the highest amounts of MB followed by rice and dried fruit. Measurable MB residues were shown to persist in nuts and seeds for 10 weeks and in dried fruit for four weeks following a fumigation with recommended concentration time products. The data presented suggest MB residues may persist in unprocessed nuts, seeds or dried fruit at the point of consumption using recommended fumigation practices, or particularly following overdosing or multiple fumigations. Crown copyright © 2000 Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office