高活性苎麻脱胶菌的选育

苎麻生物法脱胶是一种绿色环保的脱胶方法,具有脱胶质量稳定和不损伤纤维的特点。为了选育稳定、高活性苎麻脱胶菌,以透明圈法和摇瓶发酵法从土壤中分离初筛得到的微生物脱胶菌株(15号)作为出发菌株,采用紫外和亚硝酸复合诱变处理,以青霉素抗性为标记,对大量初筛得到的突变株进行筛选,最终选育得到4株高活性苎麻脱胶菌株。与出发菌株相比,其中U-4使木聚糖酶活提高了15.81%,果胶酶活提高了6.49%,纤维素酶活降低了37.45%,残胶率降低了16.89%。     

正交法优化提取橘皮粗果胶试验条件研究

在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验对影响酸水解沉淀法提取橘皮粗果胶的因素进行优化。结果表明,在浸提液固液比为1∶8、pH值为2.0、浸提温度90℃、浸提时间30 min的条件下,粗果胶的产量最高。     

酸水解法提取雪花梨皮果胶工艺研究

以雪花梨皮为试材,研究了酸水解法提取果胶的工艺条件,考察了提取时间、提取温度、料液比、pH值对果胶提取率的影响,通过正交试验对果胶提取工艺条件进行了优化,适宜提取条件为:提取料液比1∶10、提取温度88℃、提取液pH 1.2、提取2h,此时果胶得率为5.74%。经检测,梨皮果胶中半乳糖醛酸含量为67.33%、pH 3.70,酯化度70.59%,果胶色泽为:L*=56.06、a*=1.25、b*=8.12,果胶的凝胶强度受果胶含量和蔗糖添加量的影响。     

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为更好地利用塔罗科血橙资源,研究乳酸-超声波提取血橙皮中的果胶工艺,考查超声波功率、提取时间、提取pH、料液比、提取温度等对果胶产率的影响,利用正交试验设计得出果胶提取的最佳工艺条件.结果表明:在料液比为1∶35,提取液pH 2,超声波时间50 min,超声波功率280 W的条件下,其果胶的产率为30.53％,产品果胶总半乳糖醛酸含量为68.76％,脂化度为72.49％,含水率为8.01％,总灰分为3.25％,酸不溶灰分为0.26％.     

生长期和植株性别对工业大麻杆果胶含量及质量的影响

果胶是木质材料中关注较少的化学成分,为了确定果胶在生物质材料中粘结细胞的关键作用,以实现利用果胶酶进行纤维分离。按照称重法、造纸原料-果胶含量的国家标准（GB/T 10742—2008）等测定方法,以工业大麻为对象,研究了不同生长期和植株性别中工业大麻杆的单株质量、果胶含量及果胶质量的变异特性。结果表明,大麻杆在整个生长周期19~186 d内,果胶含量在19.74%~5.68%范围内变化,随着生长天数增加而降低(p<0.000 1);果胶质量随着生长天数的增加而增加(p<0.000 1),质量范围为0.02~22.88 g;生长期相同时,雌株的果胶含量>雄株,约为0.1%~2.21%(p=0.000 5)。果胶主要存在于纤维胞间层和初生壁中,随着纤维细胞次生壁的逐步生成,果胶含量降低;但随着工业大麻秆生长期的延长,细胞数目的增加果胶质量增加。     

微波辅助提取黄皮果肉果胶工艺参数优化

为优化微波辅助提取黄皮果肉中果胶的工艺,采用均匀设计法,考察了微波功率、提取时间、液料比及提取液pH值4个因子对黄皮果胶得率的影响。利用SAS软件对试验数据进行模型拟合和回归分析,确定提取时间和液料比是影响果胶得率的重要因子,并最终获得微波辅助提取黄皮果胶的最优工艺参数为:微波功率600W,提取时间8min,液料比24:1mL/g,提取液pH值2.0。在此条件下果胶得率为3.59%。通过对果胶基本特性的测定分析,该工艺提取的黄皮果胶品质基本符合国家标准,可为黄皮果胶提取的工业化放大提供参考。     

Effect of Calcium Foliar Application on the Characteristics of Blueberry Fruit during Storage

ABSTRACT

Effect of calcium (Ca) foliar application on blueberry fruit characteristics during storage was investigated. Calcium applications began 28 d after flowering, two levels (3.9 g Ca^{2 +} and 39 g Ca^{2 +}) and a control without calcium were used (0.0; 3.0, and 30 mL L^?1). The fruits were harvested on day 103 and were stored for 56 d at 2 ± 1°C. At harvest time the fruits had a significant statistical different concentration, which were maintained until the last day of storage. The fruit from the 30 mL L^?1 treatment was the highest. The lowest texture levels are found with the treatment without calcium, which shows a statistically significant change from storage day 29. The LMP percentage did not varied in the fruit from the treatment with 30 mL L^?1, but did in the fruit without calcium. Hunter L, b, and the index chromes were influenced by the applied calcium levels, significantly greater at 30 mL L^?1; and by the time of storage in the fruits with treatment of 30 mL L^?1.     

Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium on the Quality of Blueberry Fruits

Effect of foliar application of calcium (0.78 g, 4.68 g, and 7.8 g Ca^{2 +}) in pre-harvest, at three different growing conditions (tunnel, mesh, and ambient), on texture and pectin in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) was studied. Calcium contents in leaves as well in fruits were different (P ≤ 0.05), affected by growing conditions and time. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) in calcium content were found in tunnel cultivar fruit, during the period to cell expansion toward harvest, at calcium foliar level of 5 mL per L (7.8 g). Fruit texture was significantly higher at the beginning of the cell expansion period in the tunnel cultivar fruit, and a linear correlation between calcium concentration and texture was established. Increment in low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was influenced by growing conditions, and was different (P ≤ 0.05) for tunnel cultivar fruit. A good correlation between LMP and calcium content was obtained with the high dose of calcium (5 mL per L).     

苹果疏除幼果与成熟果果胶品质的比较

【目的】研究苹果疏除幼果与成熟果果胶品质的差异,为苹果资源的高效综合利用提供参考。【方法】以苹果疏果期的疏除幼果和成熟果榨汁后的果渣为原料,采用传统酸法提取苹果果胶,对2种果胶的得率、酯化度、纯度、总酚含量、褐变度、色值、特性黏度和黏均分子量进行测定,比较其差异并分析果胶的超微结构。【结果】苹果疏除幼果果胶的得率、酯化度、纯度、特性黏度及黏均分子量均小于成熟果果胶,但总酚含量和褐变度均大于成熟果果胶;成熟果果胶的色泽比苹果疏除幼果果胶好。苹果疏除幼果与成熟果果胶的表面结构存在明显差异。【结论】苹果疏除幼果果胶品质不如成熟果果胶。     

提取豆腐柴叶果胶的动力学研究

研究了酸解法从豆腐柴叶中提取果胶的动力学过程,建立了受溶解果胶分子降解影响的果胶提取动力学模型,并用数学方法确定了最大的得率和最佳的提取时间.模型可应用于描述在实验室条件下,60、70、80和90℃时用盐酸从豆腐柴叶中提取果胶的酸提取过程,确立了提取过程的速率常数,从60℃下的3.01×10-4 s-1变化到90℃下的8.64×10-4 s-1,应用该模型对豆腐柴叶果胶的提取得率进行了理论计算,获得了90℃下最佳提取时间(50.19min)时的最大得率(8.007%),模型计算结果与实验数据吻合较好.所提出的理论模型能充分描述在酸性条件下的果胶提取过程和预测果胶的最大得率、果胶降解量和最佳的提取时间.