南瓜果胶盐析法提取工艺的研究

南瓜中富含的果胶,占南瓜干物质的7%～17%,尤其是南瓜皮,其中的果胶含量可达20%以上,南瓜皮是一种理想的低酯果胶原料。研究了从南瓜皮中提取果胶的一种全新思路,既可以废物利用,变废为宝,提高经济效益,又可以减少环境污染。采用盐析法从南瓜皮中提取食用果胶,在单因素试验的基础上用正交试验进行工艺参数的优化,得到其较佳工艺条件:液料质量比为1∶70,萃取液pH值为2.0,萃取温度为90℃,萃取时间为90min,并选用硫酸铝作沉淀剂。在此工艺条件下,南瓜皮的果胶提取率达14.30%。与其他方法相比,盐析法提取果胶具有成本底、得率高和果胶制品纯度高等特点。因此采用盐析法从南瓜皮中提取果胶是一种技术上可行的生产工艺。     

Leaf Cell‐Wall Components as Influenced in the First Phase of Salt Stress in Three Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Differing in Salt Resistance

The leaf cell wall (CW) chemical composition of three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (salt‐resistant SR 03 and SR 12, salt‐sensitive Pioneer 3906) was investigated in the first phase of salt stress (100 mm NaCl) compared with the control (1 mm NaCl) treatment to investigate whether changes in CW composition were responsible for shoot growth reduction. Salt treatment caused a strong inhibition in shoot growth with a concomitant increase in the ratio between CW dry mass (DM) and shoot fresh mass (FM) and a decrease in CW cellulose concentrations in all hybrids. NaCl caused a large increase in the concentrations of total and non‐methylated uronic acid (UA) in salt‐sensitive Pioneer 3906 and salt‐resistant SR 12. The onset of the accumulation of non‐methylated UA was delayed in SR 12, which indicates that this may be one reason for the better growth performance of this hybrid under salt stress compared with Pioneer 3906. It is concluded that a low accumulation of non‐methylated UA in leaf CW may, among other mechanisms, contribute to salt resistance in the first phase of salt stress.     

柿子酒酿造技术研究

根据柿子果实的生物学特性,采用不同方法使原料脱涩、澄清后进行发酵酒酿造,得到了较理想的柿酒.     

Apple Pectin Behavior Separated by Ultrafiltration

Separation conditions of ultrafiltration for apple pectin, weights and their structures and properties are studied and relations between apple pectin with different relative molecular Five kinds of ultrafiltration membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs are used to separate apple pectin. FT-IR and HPGC are used individually to determine the structures and monosaccharide composition of apple pectin with different relative molecular weights. In the case of transmembrane pressure difference of 0.08 MPa, material concentration of 1 g·L^-1, and temperature of 50℃, 6 kinds of apple pectins with different molecular weights have been obtained. Molecular weight of apple pectin is correspondingly related to its physicochemical properties. The galacturonic acid contents and esterification and gelatination degrees increase relatively with an increase in molecular weight, and the monosaccharide composition relatively increase much more. And at the same time, the ultrafiltration has a better role to play in decoloring apple pectin solution. Accordingly, this research can be used as a new method for in-depth exploration of apple pectin.     

冰糖脐橙皮中果胶提取方法研究

实验分别采用混合盐析和乙醇沉淀的方法对从冰糖脐橙皮中提取果胶的条件进行研究与探讨,通过实验分别得出最佳提取条件,并比较2种工艺方法的优缺点。     

利用大豆皮果胶凝胶包埋保加利亚乳杆菌的初步研究

本文利用大豆皮低酯果胶的凝胶性,将保加利亚乳杆菌包埋,考察不同凝胶组成对菌株的包埋率及其在人工胃液中的存活情况以及在人工肠液中的释放情况,结果表明,果胶凝胶包埋保加利亚乳杆菌,可以有效保护益生菌,并在人工肠液中将其释放,果胶质量分数及氯化钙浓度对包埋效果有影响,体现在二者交联形成网络结构的差异,网络结构越致密,包埋率及益生菌在人工胃液中的存活率越高,而释放率则越低。     

我国菠萝皮渣综合利用的研究进展

菠萝外皮多硬质果槽,果肉还有刺根,在生产上通常被剔除,这造成了皮渣的浪费及环境的污染。菠萝皮渣中含大量有益人体健康的可提取物质与发酵性能良好的乳酸菌菌株。本文总结了目前菠萝皮渣在提取果胶、黄酮、制备纳米纤维素水凝胶、发酵饲料、吸附重金属等方面的综合利用情况,旨在提高菠萝皮废渣的资源利用率,加快果蔬皮渣综合利用的产业化进程,实现绿色可循环发展。     

烟叶果胶糖醛酸结构的固态核磁共振波谱表征

烟叶果胶不同糖醛酸结构的含量分布,对其生理功能和产品品质有着重要影响。为表征烟叶果胶糖醛酸结构,采用固态¹³C交叉极化/魔角旋转核磁共振波谱技术(¹³C CP/MAS NMR),以二甲基硅橡胶管为内标物质,建立烤烟烟叶中果胶含量的定量分析方法。选择NMR图谱中果胶C-6区域的波谱峰,应用PeakFit软件进行去卷积分峰处理,实现烟草样品果胶不同糖醛酸结构,即果胶酸(-COOH)、甲酯化果胶(-COOCH₃)、果胶酸钙盐(-COO^-)等定性和含量分布的分析表征。应用固态核磁共振波谱分析表征了不同部位9种烟叶样品中的果胶含量及其糖醛酸结构。结果表明,烟叶果胶含量随着烟叶部位上升而逐渐增高。样品烟叶中甲酯化果胶的含量分布均小于50%,属低甲酯化果胶。对比中部烟叶,上部叶的甲酯化果胶含量偏高,下部叶偏低,而上部叶的果胶酸钙盐含量较低,下部叶较高。结果为烟草果胶大分子结构与性能的关系研究,提供准确、简便的技术方法。     

龙安柚柚皮果胶超声波辅助复合酶法提取工艺优化

以龙安柚果皮为原料,采用超声波辅助复合酶法提取果胶,在单因素试验基础上利用Plackett -Burman试验设计筛选影响龙安柚柚皮果胶得率的关键因素,再采用Box-Behnken试验设计对果胶的提取工艺进行优化。结果表明：影响龙安柚柚皮果胶得率的关键因素为提取pH、酶解时间、超声功率和提取温度。最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶40、提取pH 5.0、提取时间30 min、酶解温度50 ℃、酶解时间59 min、复合酶比例1∶3、超声功率70W、提取温度51 ℃,果胶得率可达27.43%。