泥炭营养块压制成型的试验研究

介绍了泥炭营养块压制成型研究的试验过程与结果分析,采用正交试验设计方法讨论了水分对泥炭营养块压制成型的影响。试验表明,基质填充量、颗粒配比对泥炭营养块压制成型的影响显著。在兼顾生产效率、生产条件和不影响泥炭营养块品质的情况下,减少基质填充量、提高成型压力、选择合理的粒径配比可提高泥炭营养块的抗压强度和压实密度。     

有机基质对番茄生长影响的研究

以草炭土(PS)、蚯蚓粪(ED)、牛粪(CM)做基质肥料,炉渣做基质,并加入蚯蚓(E),按肥料与炉渣2∶3的体积比组成8种有机基质配方,分别是:1 PS2、ED3、CM4、CM+20E5、ED∶CM=1∶1+20E6、ED∶CM=1∶1+10E7、ED∶CM=1∶2+20E8、PS∶ED∶CM=1∶1∶1,在光照室内利用盆栽试验研究了不同基质对番茄产量和品质的影响,以筛选利于番茄生长的优质基质。结果表明:番茄的产量处理5最高为304.63 g,其次是处理7、48、分别为146.151、40.401、36.45 g,再次是处理2、63、分别为126.511、20.019、1.17 g,最低是处理1为31.32 g;番茄的糖酸比以处理8最高为7.23,其次是处理5为6.73,再次是处理21、、67、4、分别为3.983、.71、3.66、3.63、2.79,最低是处理3为1.53。综上所述,最好的基质和肥料配方为处理5基质肥料比例1∶1的蚯蚓粪和牛粪并加入20条蚯蚓,能够满足番茄生长的需要。     

蚯蚓处理椰子废弃物和畜禽粪混合物的研究

通过将椰糠、椰子枯落叶分别与牛粪、鸡粪混合．按10条／hg风干堆料接种蚯蚓后．在相同的条件下饲养,分别于10、20、30、40d时测定蚯蚓的生长繁殖情况．以及测定蚯蚓处理有机肥前后的理化性状。结果表明,随着时间的增加,蚯蚓的均重、日增重、日繁殖倍数均呈现先增加后减少的趋势．且不同时期、不同组合间均差异显著（P〈O．05）,以椰糠、椰子枯落叶和牛粪组合的生长繁殖优于椰子凋落叶和鸡粪组合：蚯蚓处理后有机肥的pH、有机碳含鼍和C／N下降,全氮和全磷含量上升,且碳含量和C／N在处理前后均达到显著水平．但pH和磷含量在蚯蚓处理前后均无显著差异。     

A method for modelling peat depth in blanket peatlands

Inventories of peat volume and carbon storage often include general values for peat depth, but more spatially explicit and accurate estimates are required if carbon management strategies are to be developed at scales appropriate for the management. This article presents a methodology for estimating peat depth for large blanket peat areas using field sampling and GIS modelling to map peat depth on Dartmoor in south‐west England. The study area was divided into carbon unit areas (CUAs) based on soil and vegetation. Approximately 1000 peat depth measurements were taken, each consisting of a mean (n = 5) from depths within a 32 m² area. Sampling points were stratified according to CUA area and proportional extent of slope and elevation classes. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between slope, elevation and peat depth within each CUA. The strongest relationship was for blanket peat (r² = 0.53), with weaker ones for areas where peat was shallow and depth was less variable. A digital elevation model was used in a GIS to model peat depths for the whole of Dartmoor. Results were tested against a data set of 200 peat depths on a 250 m grid covering 1325 ha. We conclude that peat depth can be modelled using easily available topographic data combined with well‐designed field sampling over larger spatial scales. The approach can result in accurate mapping of peat depth and carbon storage for blanket peatlands in the United Kingdom and perhaps also elsewhere.     

Quantification of Poinsettia Root Growth by Image Scans or X-ray Computed Tomography Scans in Three Propagation Substrates at Varied Moisture Levels

ABSTRACT

The objective was to refine protocols to quantify rooting of plant cuttings and the water/air microenvironment of substrates using x-ray computed tomography (CT). Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cuttings were propagated in three substrates (peat, rockwool, and phenolic foam) at varied moisture levels. In Experiment 1, adventitious rooting occurred in cuttings grown in rockwool or foam from 12% to 86% volumetric water content (VWC) and 12% to 80% volumetric air content (VAC). The highest root growth occurred in rockwool at 59% VWC and 33% VAC. There was an advantage to quantifying root growth by CT in rockwool and foam, in contrast to peat, because of clear differences in material density between root and substrate during image processing. In Experiment 2, root growth was quantified in peat by two-dimensional image scans under similar growth chamber environments, with rapid root growth from 52% to 63% VWC and 16% to 26% VAC. In Experiment 3, CT was used to quantify the substrate microenvironment at 0.5 cm slices to further describe the environment at the base of the plant cutting. Rapid rooting occurred in microenvironments above 56% VWC and 14% VAC, whereas the low 3% VAC in foam at high moisture may limit root growth.

Abbreviations: volumetric water content (VWC), volumetric air content (VAC), volumetric solid content (VSC)     

Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yields and nutrient levels in cabbage grown on sphagnum peat

Abstract

Fertilizer treatments for cabbage, grown on sphagnum peat, consisted of an N, a P and a K series. Each nutrient was applied at four rates in combination with constant rates of the other two.

Results indicated that 270 kg N/ha, the highest rate used, may not have been adequate whereas P and K at 80 and 150 kg/ha respectively were. In the N, the P, and the K series, highest head weights coincided with midribs containing 2.06% N, 0.48% P and 4.18% K respectively.     

施用草炭对科尔沁沙地土壤的改良效果

用草炭在科尔沁沙地上进行土壤改良田间试验,结果表明,施用有机质含量高、含有丰富的植物所需营养元素的草炭,可以有效地改善沙地土壤理化性质,提高其保水、保肥能力,增加作物产量。这为科尔沁沙地土壤改良开辟了一条新的途径。     

尕海湿地泥炭土养分特征研究

采用实地取样与实验室测定分析相结合的方法,研究了甘肃尕海湿地泥炭土养分特征.结果表明:尕海湿地泥炭土有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾的平均含量依次为302.04 g.kg-1、10.37 g.kg-1、0.81 g.kg-1和13.93g.kg-1,空间变异程度均属中等水平;随土层的加深,泥炭土有机质、全氮、全磷含量均呈现逐渐下降的趋势,而土壤全钾含量的变化呈现出先降低后升高的趋势;不同立地条件下,尕海湿地泥炭土有机质、全氮、全磷含量均值表现为阳坡<阴坡<坡间平缓地,全钾含量均值表现出与之相反的趋势;不同立地条件下的泥炭土养分含量大多属中等变异性,但阴坡泥炭土养分含量的变异程度一般要大于阳坡.     

坪床结构对高尔夫果岭土壤物理性状的影响

为了筛选出高质量、低成本的高尔夫果岭坪床结构,通过设4个试验处理：土壤坪床（T1）,纯沙坪床（T2）,半改良沙基坪床（T3）和全改良沙基坪床（T4）,结果表明：坪床的物理性状受诸多因素的影响,新建草坪的土壤饱和导水率和入渗率并没有达到USGA标准。随土壤中的含沙量增加,土壤饱和导水率、土壤入渗率、气体孔隙度都增加。土壤坪床总孔隙度和水分孔隙度高于沙基坪床,容重值小于沙基坪床。4种坪床的pH值显碱性,灌溉水是主要的影响因子。     

施肥对各采收期北五味子产量和品质的影响

为研究不同施肥方式对各采收期北五味子产量和品质的影响,寻找最佳施肥方案以及最佳采收期。以黑龙江省尚志市周边山坡暗棕壤上人工栽培五味子为研究对象,以不施肥(CK)为对照,设置配方施肥(F)、配方施肥+草炭(FP)、配方施肥+草炭+锌肥(FPZ)和配方施肥+锌肥(FZ)处理。测定北五味子产量和五味子醇甲含量。结果表明:施用草炭和锌肥可以提高五味子的产量和品质,草炭和锌肥配施效果更佳。配方施肥+草炭+锌肥(FPZ)处理与对照相比可提高北五味子产量71.31%,与单施化肥即配方施肥(F)处理相比产量提高25.70%。北五味子果实中五味子醇甲含量逐渐变小,而籽粒中的五味子醇甲含量逐渐提高,草炭对北五味子籽粒中五味子醇甲含量影响较大,施用草炭可以显著提高北五味子中五味子醇甲含量。