公共财政支出与农民增收的实证分析

从公共财政支出视角来看,制约农民收入增长的因素主要有：（1）落后的基础教育,制约了农民智力素质的提升;（2）落后的交通环境和市场交易环境袁使农村发展面临较高的成本;（3）水利设施严重不足,降低了民族地区农村抵御自然灾害的能力,使农业生产面临较大风险。从理论上来看,公共财政支出对农民收入的影响是通过两大途径发挥作用的：（1）通过社会支出提高农民的健康水平和知识水平,从而增加农民的人力资本积累,增强农民的自我发展能力,提升农民获得更多收入的机会和能力,而且社会支出还通过再分配途径为那些收入特别低下的农民提升社会保障;（2）通过投资于农业、农村基础设施和农业科技,从而促进农业经济增长。利用我国1978-2009年有关统计资料进行实证分析,结果表明,公共财政支出对农业增收有较大影响。因此,促进农民增收、缩小城乡差异的一个重要途径就是加大对农业的财政支持。     

影响陕西农民人均纯收入因素的统计分析

“三农”问题的核心是农民收入的增加,只有增加收入,才能从根本上提高农民的生活质量.该研究根据2000～2011年陕西省农民收入的各项数据,从中选取了6个对农民收入增长有重要影响的因素,通过主成分回归分析方法建立统计模型,避免了变量之间可能存在的多重共线性,运用R软件,得出它们对农民收入增长的贡献率.根据分析结果提出了符合实际情况的政策建议.     

农村饮水供给效果及影响因素:收入异质性视角的解析

目前,农村饮水安全问题是农民最关心、最迫切需要解决的问题。基于公共物品理论,利用川、豫、晋、陕、黔、宁6省农户的微观数据,采用多元有序Logistic模型,分析农村饮水供给的影响因子,探讨农村饮水供给的有效性。结果表明,从整体情况看,农户对农村饮水供给效果的评价较为理想,农户评价结果为"较好"和"很好"的概率分别为72.21%和3.29%,农户对农村饮水供给效果的评价与农户收入之间呈现"U"型态势。其主要影响因素有政策支持、农户对乡镇政府的评价、农户参与满意度、水质、能否满足生活需要、变化情况、比较优势。从收入分组情况来看,不同收入组呈现出不同的特征,并且不同的因素对不同收入组所产生的影响和作用程度不同,其共同关键的影响因素有农户对乡镇政府的评价、水质、能否满足生活需要、变化情况、比较优势。因此,提出了应多方筹集资金,拓宽投融资渠道,提升农村饮水供给水平;加强农村饮水水源环境监管及其综合整治;鼓励和诱导农户积极参与农村饮水的供给和管理;充分发挥基层政府的导向作用等政策建议。     

四川主要粮食作物生产成本收益分析

粮食生产是四川农村家庭收入的重要来源之一,降低粮食生产成本是增加农民收入的重要途径。本文利用四川省农经总站对岳池、仁寿、渠县、泸县、平武、简阳、新都7个县(市、区)的120户农户连续11年的定点调查数据,比较分析了四川水稻、小麦、玉米和红苕等4种主要粮食作物的生产成本、产值和收益等,提出了提高粮食生产效益的建议。     

油菜撒播轻型栽培技术研究Ⅵ.油菜撒播轻型栽培技术的大面积示范

2003~2005年度在贵州省安顺市西秀区七眼桥镇用油研7号、油研10号、油研8号等进行油菜撒播高产、高效的轻型配套栽培技术试验示范,面积分别为3.41 hm2和100 hm2,平均单产分别达164.1 kg/667m2和133.2 kg/667m2。其中,2004年验收的10块地(测量面积合计0.685 hm2)的撒播油菜平均产量为158.9 kg/667m2,最高产量达210~230 kg/667m2;2005年验收各类田块19块(面积合计1.159 hm2),单产105~206.3 kg/667m2。除去人工(每个工按15元计)、牛工(每个工按30元计)、物资投入外,667m2纯收入达189.57元,单个劳动力的产值达35.83元,比同地育苗移栽分别高131.11元/667m2和17.83元/个,比当地传统的苦油菜(芥菜型)撒播栽培增收175.72元/667m2。     

The effects of social security expenditure on reducing income inequality and rural poverty in China

Social security has, as one of its primary aims, the provision of financial support to those deemed to be poor or facing the threat of poverty. Based on China's national statistical data covering social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare between the period 1978–2018, this paper evaluates the effect of social security expenditure in reducing income inequality and rural poverty with cointegration analysis. It was found that there is a positive correlation between social security expenditure and the income gap of urban and rural residents in the long run, but the effect is very limited; nearly 99% of the changes of the urban–rural income gap come from its own contributions. Further research also shows that the elasticity of rural poverty incidence to social security expenditure is –0.2255, which indicates social security expenditure helps reduce rural absolute poverty. Based on these findings, the policy implications can be that much social security expenditure and a more equitable social security system should be encouraged. It will become one of the major anti-poverty strategies after 2020 in China when we win the battle against absolute poverty.     

Effects of Alternative Molting Programs and Population on Layer Performance: Results of the Thirty-Fifth North Carolina Layer Performance and Management Test

A study involving 7 white-egg and 3 brown-egg commercial layer strains was conducted at the North Carolina Piedmont Research Station to assess the effects cage population 3-bird vs. 4-bird cages and alternative molt programs on performance through 113 wk of age (791 d). The flock was divided into 3 groups; not molted (NM), maintained in continuous production; molted using feed restriction (FR), an industry-type 14-d feed withdrawal molting program initiated at 463 d of age; and molted using a nonfasted/anorexic program (NF), in which an ad libitum supply of a low protein, low energy molt feed was provided. Productivity, egg size, and egg quality were monitored at 28-d periods throughout the test providing the performance data for the white-egg and brown-egg strains with regard to these management factors. Detailed results by strain are available on the following Web site: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/poulsci/tech_info.html#layer. The performance for the 3-bird or 4-bird cage groups for either type of layer was similar, except that birds in 4-bird cages had higher feed consumption in the first production phase than did the birds in 3-bird cages. In the same time period the white-egg birds in the 3-bird cages had a greater percentage of cracked eggs and a smaller percentage of Grade A large eggs than those in 4-bird cages. No differences were observed in egg income for the 2 population sizes for either type of layer. However, due to their higher feed consumption, the white egg birds in the 4-bird cages had higher feed cost per hen for the first cycle, which was offset by the egg income component due to their increased production rate. The molted layers outperformed the nonmolted layers for both types of layers in terms of overall income over feed costs. The FR molted hens, under a program that has traditionally been used by commercial producers, outperformed NF-molted hens, indicating that further refinements are needed to make the NF program economically competitive with the FR molting program.     

当前中国农民增收困难的分析与探讨

当前中国农民增收困难的根源除了农业生产的自身特点和中国人均耕地资源不足外，最主要的是长期以来政策上的重工轻农。因此，加强对农业的政策扶持，推进农村城镇化进程，全面减轻农民的税费负担，是解决农民增收的关键。     

Sampling Investigation on Inhatitant Domestic Tap Water Consumption Situation and It’s Characteristics Analysis

Economics.Through sampling investigation and analysis on inhabitant domestic tap water consumption situation,it is given that economic factors are the main factors influence inhatitant's water consumption.The functional relations among inhabitant's income and water consumption,water price and consumption are given. The tap water's income elasticity of demand and price elasticity of demand is analyzed, along with the fluctuating range month by month of inhabitant's water consumption.Finally ,this paper offers the reference data for planning the ability of water supply and making policies of ladder water prices.     

坚持和落实科学发展观 努力破解农民增收难题

以科学发展观为指导，针对安徽省农民增收和农业发展中存在的资源约束等问题进行分析，提出了抓住时机，依靠政策调动、布局优化、市场带动、科技拉动，提高农民增收的稳定性和持续性,大幅度提高农民增收的对策和发展思路。