灵发素(LFS)对诱导半夏体细胞胚胎发生过程中内源激素含量的影响

以半夏叶柄为材料,比较MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L(CK)和MS+LFS 0.3 mg/L(Lingfasu,LFS,灵发素)2种培养基在诱导体细胞胚胎发生和发育过程中内源激素的变化差异。结果表明:在半夏体细胞胚胎发生和发育过程中,2个处理组内源激素变化趋势,除ABA大致呈"M"状外,IAA、GA_3和ZR激素大致呈"∧"状;在半夏体胚发生的重要时期(胚性愈伤组织时期和早期胚时期),LFS处理组中IAA和ABA的含量显著高于CK组,ZR在早期胚时期高于对照29.0%,GA_3含量以CK组含量较高。此结果表明,LFS对半夏体细胞胚胎的发生和发育过程中内源激素IAA、ZR、ABA和GA_3的调控起着重要作用。     

半夏多糖提取工艺优化及其清除自由基能力研究

[目的]研究半夏[Pinellia ternate（Thunb.）Breit.]多糖的提取工艺及其清除自由基的能力。[方法]在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定纤维素酶法提取半夏多糖的最佳条件;采用羟自由基体系对半夏多糖清除羟自由基的能力进行研究。[结果]纤维素酶法提取半夏多糖的最优条件为：提取温度55℃,提取时间3.5 h,pH值为4.5,加酶量为4%。多糖浓度为10 mg/ml时,其对羟自由基的清除率达到71.75%。[结论]得到了纤维素酶法提取半夏多糖的最佳条件,探明了半夏多糖对羟自由基的清除作用。     

半夏愈伤组织诱导和分化再生植株的研究

研究半夏外植体愈伤组织诱导、放置方式、外植体的苗龄对分化再生植株的影响,结果表明:块茎的愈伤组织诱导效果最佳,叶片次之,叶柄最差。当MS+6-BA2mg/L+2,4-D2mg/L激素组配时,愈伤组织分化率达100%。外植体的放置方式对分化出苗有很大影响,块茎垂直放置出芽率最高,而叶柄和叶片平放于培养基效果较好。无菌苗苗龄对分化率有较大的影响,最适无菌苗苗龄为10～25d。当6-BA为3mg/L时芽增殖倍数达4倍左右,而当6-BA0.2mg/L+2,4-D0.2mg/L组配时,生根效果最好。     

Comparison of harvested rate and nacre deposition parameters between cultured pearls issued from initial graft and second nucleus insertion in P. margaritifera

Cultured pearls produced with Pinctada margaritifera, using the surgreffe method (implantation of a second nucleus following pearl harvest) were studied for the first time to: (1) examine family effect on nacre thickness, nacre weight and nacre deposition speed and (2) compare variation in these three traits with that obtained from the cultured pearls previously harvested after the corresponding initial grafts. A surgreffe experiment using 783 recipient oysters was realized in Rangiroa atoll (French Polynesia). After 24 months of culture, 389 cultured pearls were harvested. Significant donor family effect was found for the harvested pearl rate from surgreffe (P = 0.046). Highly significant donor family effect was recorded for nacre thickness (P = 0.004). Very highly significant donor family effects were recorded for nacre weight and nacre deposition speed (P < 0.0001). Comparison between surgreffe and initial graft showed: (1) no significant effect for the average cultured pearl rate harvested (P = 0.052) and average cultured pearl nacre deposition speed (P = 0.622) and (2) very highly significant differences (P < 0.0001) for the average cultured pearl nacre thickness and nacre weight. This study highlighted three major implications for pearl industry management: (1) donor family effect was maintained from initial graft to surgreffe, for nacre thickness, weight and deposition speed, (2) the persistence of the pearl sac metabolic activity over three years of culture and (3) the relation between harvested pearl rate and the size of the nucleus inserted in the pearl sac.     

我国热带海水大型珍珠贝类的珍珠养殖技术现状及对策建议

我国热带海水大型珍珠贝类的白蝶贝、黑蝶贝、企鹅珍珠贝,是培育大型游离珍珠与附壳珍珠的优良贝种,具有较高的经济价值.就3种大型贝类的国内外研究现状进行综述,在详细分析我国大型珍珠贝类养殖存在问题的基础上,建议加大力度保护珍珠贝资源,建立严格的生产许可制度,提出大型贝类深水养殖新模式,旨在促进海水珍珠养殖业的可持续发展.     

Modeling Effects of Soil Fertility of Nutrients and Precipitation of 22 Years on Sustainable Productivity and Profitability of Pearlmillet and Sorghum Rotation in Semi-arid Vertisols

Based on experiments conducted during 1988–2009 on rainfed pearl millet/sorghum with 9 treatments in Vertisols, an efficient treatment for sustainable productivity is identified. Twenty kg of nitrogen (N) from farmyard manure (FYM) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg phosphorus (P) ha^?1 in pearl millet and 40 kg N (urea) + 20 kg P + 25 kg zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) ha^?1 in sorghum gave maximum yield and rainwater-use efficiency, whereas 20 kg N (FYM) + 20 kg (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 in pearl millet and 40 kg (urea) + 20 kg P ha^?1 in sorghum and gave maximum soil N, P, and potassium (K) over years. The regression model of 20 kg N (crop residue) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 gave maximum R² for predicting sorghum equivalent yield separately through precipitation and soil variables, whereas 20 kg N (FYM) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 gave maximum R² under combined model of both variables. Treatment of 20 kg N (FYM) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 was superior for attaining maximum sorghum equivalent yield of 1062 kg ha^?1, net returns of Rs. 4805 ha^?1, benefit/cost (BC) ratio of 1.50, and 127 kg ha^?1 of soil N, 10.3 kg ha^?1 of soil P, and 386 kg ha^?1 of soil K over years.     

氮素形态对半夏生长及生物碱和总有机酸累积的影响

研究氮素形态对半夏光合特性、相关酶活性、总生物碱及总有机酸累积的影响,为半夏氮肥的合理施用提供依据。采用无土栽培方法栽培半夏,测定同一氮素水平不同氮素形态处理下,半夏叶片叶绿素含量、相关光合参数、硝酸还原酶（NR）活性、硝态氮含量、块茎中总生物碱及总有机酸含量。结果表明:半夏叶片光合色素含量随铵硝比增大呈先升后降趋势;铵硝比为75∶25时,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量最高;铵硝比为25∶75,叶绿素b含量最高,同时,净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率达最大值;随着NO3--N比例降低,NR活性整体呈现下降趋势;块茎总生物碱含量,全硝营养下含量最高,随着NO3--N比例降低,呈现降低趋势;而随着NH4+-N比例增加,半夏块茎中总有机酸呈现上升的趋势。结论:铵态氮、硝态氮复合施用有利于半夏的生长,较高硝态氮比例有利于总生物碱的积累,较高铵态氮比例有利于总有机酸的累积。     

Fermentation of pearl millet flour with yeasts and lactobacilli:in vitro digestibility and utilisation of fermented flour for weaning mixtures

Single as well as mixed culture fermentations by yeasts (S. diastaticus;S. cerevistiae) and lactobacilli (L. brevis;L. fermentum) at 30 °C for 72 h improved the starch and protein digestibility (in vitro) of pearl millet flour significantly. The flour fermented bySaccharomyces diastaticus, a starch hydrolysing yeast, had the highest starch digestibility whereas fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the in vitro protein digestibility of the flour significantly. Weaning mixtures prepared from the fermented flour were also found to be organoleptically acceptable.     

中国珍珠产业的问题、困境与出路

本文概述了中国珍珠资源与产业的分布,并分析了目前中国珍珠产业特征与存在的问题,在此基础上提出了中国珍珠产业走出困境的出路选择。     

山西省北杜坞村半夏与冬小麦间套作栽培技术研究

本试验根据山西省北杜坞村的气候条件以及半夏和冬小麦的生物学特性,进行了半夏与冬小麦间套作栽培试验,结果表明半夏的适宜播种期为3月15日~3月25日,新种半夏地的适宜播种量为130kg/667m2,重茬半夏地其播种量应比上一年的减少30%,适宜播种深度为5cm~7cm,此外,采用农家肥料、小麦秸秆双覆盖和小麦收割时留高茬,外加小水勤灌,每次灌溉量17.5m3/667m2等措施均有利于提高半夏的产量。