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61.
The black‐lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, is the most important farmed species in French Polynesia and the basis of the most valuable export industry. Mass production of black pearls relies on a surgical operation requiring tissue from a donor pearl oyster to be grafted, together with a nucleus made of shell, into the gonad of a recipient oyster. Improving pearl size through family selection remains one of the main challenges for future aquaculture development. This study analyses the relative contribution of donor and recipient oysters to pearl size. To this end, hatchery‐produced donor oysters of two batches, large and small (based on shell height), were used to supply grafts for recipients, which were then monitored individually for their growth performance by recording shell height, width, and thickness, and total live weight (flesh + shells) every 6 months (four biometric measurement times) over 20 months of culture. Pearls issued from the two batches of donors showed no significant differences in nacre weight or thickness. In contrast, recipient oyster shell height and total weight were increasingly positively correlated with these pearl size parameters over the culture period, becoming significant at 8 months post‐grafting. Potential therefore exists to use shell height and oyster weight as phenotypic indicators for selective breeding of recipient oysters with high growth performance to increase pearl size in P. margaritifera. 相似文献
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半夏愈伤组织诱导和分化再生植株的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究半夏外植体愈伤组织诱导、放置方式、外植体的苗龄对分化再生植株的影响,结果表明:块茎的愈伤组织诱导效果最佳,叶片次之,叶柄最差。当MS+6-BA2mg/L+2,4-D2mg/L激素组配时,愈伤组织分化率达100%。外植体的放置方式对分化出苗有很大影响,块茎垂直放置出芽率最高,而叶柄和叶片平放于培养基效果较好。无菌苗苗龄对分化率有较大的影响,最适无菌苗苗龄为10~25d。当6-BA为3mg/L时芽增殖倍数达4倍左右,而当6-BA0.2mg/L+2,4-D0.2mg/L组配时,生根效果最好。 相似文献
64.
三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌及杂交F1代养殖效果与育珠性能的比较 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
使用三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌作为亲本进行自交与杂交,获得了4群体F1。对实施手术无核插片手术后1年、2年、3年的4群体F1的养殖效果与育珠性能进行了比较。结果表明,在各年龄组育珠性能方面,反交F1>池蝶蚌>正交F1>三角帆蚌,且反交F1具有显著杂交优势;正交F1在壳长、成活率方面具有一定杂交优势,其它方面指标均低于池蝶蚌,略高于三角帆蚌。实施插片手术3年的反交F1较同龄的三角帆蚌每只蚌平均产珠重量增加31.96%,大规格珍珠(Φ>8 mm)比例增加2.71倍,成活率提高20.14%;较同龄的池蝶蚌每只蚌平均产珠重量增加14.95%,大规格珍珠(Φ>8 mm)比例增加54.01%,成活率提高10.14%。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续垂直板电泳系统,测定了36份不同居群半夏的过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)及苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶酶谱。结果表明:所有供试材料在3个同工酶系统中均有半夏物种的共同特征谱带,同时又蕴涵着丰富的多态性。POD酶、EST酶酶谱存在明显差异,酶带数分别为20和24条。采用 DPS数据分析软件对这两类酶带谱进行聚类分析,该结果能够对供试材料的细胞学研究给予合理解释。 相似文献
68.
Cultured pearls produced with Pinctada margaritifera, using the surgreffe method (implantation of a second nucleus following pearl harvest) were studied for the first time to: (1) examine family effect on nacre thickness, nacre weight and nacre deposition speed and (2) compare variation in these three traits with that obtained from the cultured pearls previously harvested after the corresponding initial grafts. A surgreffe experiment using 783 recipient oysters was realized in Rangiroa atoll (French Polynesia). After 24 months of culture, 389 cultured pearls were harvested. Significant donor family effect was found for the harvested pearl rate from surgreffe (P = 0.046). Highly significant donor family effect was recorded for nacre thickness (P = 0.004). Very highly significant donor family effects were recorded for nacre weight and nacre deposition speed (P < 0.0001). Comparison between surgreffe and initial graft showed: (1) no significant effect for the average cultured pearl rate harvested (P = 0.052) and average cultured pearl nacre deposition speed (P = 0.622) and (2) very highly significant differences (P < 0.0001) for the average cultured pearl nacre thickness and nacre weight. This study highlighted three major implications for pearl industry management: (1) donor family effect was maintained from initial graft to surgreffe, for nacre thickness, weight and deposition speed, (2) the persistence of the pearl sac metabolic activity over three years of culture and (3) the relation between harvested pearl rate and the size of the nucleus inserted in the pearl sac. 相似文献
69.
报导了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)内脏团培育圆形有核珍珠的试验结果。结果显示:插植珠核的7362只手术蚌植核后一个月内成活率99.2%。经23个月养殖后,随机抽取50只。结果留核率达94%,成珠率为86%,其中中高档珠占37.2%。有核珍珠直径在9.4~11.6 mm之间,其中10 mm以上占88.4%。11.6%的珍珠表面有小于3 mm的凸起,未发现带扁而长尾巴的珍珠。试验表明:三角帆蚌内脏团内能培育出高品质的有核珍珠。此外还发现,脱核或核片分离的细胞小片仍可在内脏团内形成珍珠。 相似文献
70.