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71.
72.
为持续控制小麦叶锈病及促进小麦的抗叶锈病育种工作,2019—2020年自江苏、浙江和安徽3个省采集自然感叶锈病的小麦病叶,经分离获得小麦叶锈菌单孢分离物,利用43个小麦叶锈病鉴别寄主材料对其致病类型进行鉴定,并对其毒性结构进行分析。结果显示,从170份小麦叶锈菌单孢分离物中共鉴定出67个致病类型,主要致病类型为THS、SHJ、PHS和SHS,出现频率分别为8.8%、7.6%、5.9%和5.9%。江苏、浙江和安徽3个省的单孢分离物对携带抗叶锈基因Lr10、Lr12、Lr22a、Lr22b、Lr29、Lr33、Lr35和Lr36的鉴别寄主材料的苗期毒性频率均超过90.0%,而对携带抗叶锈基因Lr9、Lr24、Lr25、Lr28、Lr38、Lr40、Lr41、Lr42、Lr43和Lr13+3ka的鉴别寄主材料的苗期毒性频率均小于10.0%。卡方检验及Fisher精确检验显示,3个省小麦叶锈菌群体对抗叶锈基因Lr1、Lr2a、Lr3、Lr14b、Lr18、Lr21、Lr26、Lr27+31、Lr32和Lr37的毒力存在显著分化。浙江省小麦叶锈菌群体具有较少的毒性因子(4.73)和毒性值(600... 相似文献
73.
为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86~7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50~10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。 相似文献
74.
为认识桃芽休眠诱导过程中生理与相关基因表达的变化,分别用HPLC检测‘中农红久保’、‘中农3号’、03-30-035 3个桃品种(系)休眠诱导时期叶片和叶芽IAA和ABA含量,用RT-q PCR检测叶片和叶芽生长素极性运输载体基因Pp PIN1、Pp PIN3、Pp PIN5和Pp PIN8共4个基因的相对表达量。结果表明,在桃芽休眠诱导过程中,叶片IAA含量未见显著变化,ABA含量自10月6日开始升高,至10月16日含量达到高峰;叶芽中10月上中旬IAA含量骤增,而ABA含量逐渐降低。本研究中桃基因组的4个Pp PINs基因家族成员中,叶片中活跃表达为Pp PIN5,其次为Pp PIN3,在10月上中旬Pp PIN5出现强烈表达;而在10月26日,叶芽中活跃表达的Pp PIN1和Pp PIN3表达量骤降。桃休眠诱导过程中叶片和叶芽内内源激素和Pp PINs基因表达量变化明显不同。 相似文献
75.
Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf
leaf water potential
- soil
soil water potential
- DSC
daily stem contraction
- LVDT
linear variable displacement transducer
- PET
potential evapotranspiration 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
沼液与化肥和有机肥配施对桃产量和品质的效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用田间试验研究了沼液在不同施肥处理中对桃产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,仅在常规施肥基础上增施沼液(T2处理)不能提高桃产量,沼液仅与钾肥配施(T3处理)还会降低桃产量,沼液配施磷钾(T4处理)或配施油饼(T5处理)能提高桃产量,且配施油饼的增产效果最显著,增产幅度最大。T4和T5处理均能增加桃果实中的Vc含量。各处理与常规施肥相比,桃果实中的还原糖含量均有所降低,以T5处理中还原糖的含量最低,仅为常规处理的48.48%。除T5处理中桃果实的有机酸含量略有增加外(1.77%),其他处理的有机酸含量都有所降低(5.42%~9.22%)。各处理的糖/酸与常规施肥相比均大幅度下降,降幅为21.42%~53.36%。 相似文献
79.
Robert Jankowiak Piotr Bilański Julita Zając Adrianna Jobczyk Stephen J. Taerum 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(4):e12821
In Poland's pine forests, mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) abundance has increased over the past 20 years. This mistletoe infestation has decreased the growth and vigour of Scots pine trees. In this study, we surveyed the culturable fungi from healthy and diseased V. album subsp. austriacum leaves from two stands in Poland. In total, 63 distinct species were identified, 99.8% of which belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The community compositions of fungi in mistletoe leaves were similar in healthy and diseased leaves as Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botryosphaeria visci, Fusarium paeoniae and Microsphaeropsis olivacea were consistently found in leaves of all symptom types. The most frequently isolated fungus from asymptomatic leaves was M. olivacea, followed by A. alternata, A. pullulans and Hypoxylon rubiginosum. In comparison, the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with rusty-brown necrotic spots were (in decreasing order) M. olivacea, B. visci, F. paeoniae and A. alternata, while the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with black or dark brown spots were M. olivacea, A. alternata, A. pullulans, Epicoccum layuense and F. paeoniae. This study was the first comprehensive report showing that certain fungal species may be pathogens of V. album subsp. austriacum in Poland. This study was also the first report of F. paeoniae, F. juglandicola, Diaporthe vacuae and Heterotruncatella spartii from V. album, and the first report of D. vacuae and H. spartii in Poland. 相似文献
80.
Edival Ângelo Valverde Zauza Lúcio Mauro da Silva Guimarães Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales Samuel Alves dos Santos Rafael Ferreira Alfenas Acelino Couto Alfenas 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(2):e12806
An outbreak of a new and severe disease was observed in Eucalyptus plantations of Bahia state, Brazil. An Ascomycota fungus has been frequently associated with the main symptoms of the disease namely leaf spot, branch cankers, shoot blight, defoliation, and dieback. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis (ITS and TEF-1α genes), and pathogenicity test on Eucalyptus plants, Pseudoplagiostoma eucalypti was identified as the causal agent of the disease. Although P. eucalytpi has been known from in Brazil since 1998, this is the first report of it causing severe disease and die-back on Eucalyptus spp. and we also record new symptoms associated with the pathogen. 相似文献