灌溉方法对温室栽培番茄产量及水分利用效率的影响

用温室小区栽培试验的方法,研究滴灌、渗灌、沟灌三种灌溉方法对番茄养分吸收、产量及水分利用效率的影响;结果表明,温室番茄栽培采用渗灌灌溉,在其它条件相同的情况下,1 m3灌溉用水生产出的番茄数量是沟灌的1.9倍、滴灌的1.2倍,滴灌则是沟灌的1.6倍;在番茄生长的整个生育期内,滴灌土壤水吸力平均值最大为24.20 k Pa,渗灌次之为23.11 k Pa,沟灌最小为22.01 k Pa;土壤温度表现出一定差异,但差异相对较小。沟灌处理番茄果实氮素含量高于滴灌和渗灌,而滴灌能够促进番茄的营养器官对氮素的吸收。渗灌和滴灌能有效地调控耕层土壤水分,有利于土壤养分供应,具有明显的节水、增产效果,是理想的设施番茄栽培灌溉模式。     

迭球螋对落叶松球蚜成虫的捕食作用

在室内研究了捕食性天敌迭球螋成虫对落叶松球蚜成虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应。结果表明,迭球螋对落叶松球蚜成虫的捕食功能反应属HollingⅡ型;根据HollingⅢ型功能反应新模型Na=a·exp(-b/N)计算出最佳寻找密度22.47头/皿;利用Holling寻找效应与猎物密度关系式S=a/(1+aThN)计算了寻找效应,结果表明寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而降低;捕食作用率与其密度的关系为E=0.189 4P-0.3202;分摊竞争强度与其密度的关系为I=0.579 7lgP+0.000 8。     

黑莓RuMYB10基因的克隆和表达

【目的】从黑莓中克隆RuMYB10的编码区全长序列,并分析其在黑莓果实发育过程中的表达情况与果实花青素苷积累的关系。【方法】以黑莓基因组DNA为模板,通过同源克隆和SON-PCR技术获得了RuMYB10基因全长编码序列(Accession No.:JQ359611);并以黑莓果实mRNA为模板进行验证。采用实时定量PCR技术检测该基因在果实不同发育阶段的表达水平。【结果】结果表明,该基因编码区全长共1 837 bp,编码216个氨基酸,推导蛋白分子质量为24 863 Da。具有MYB转录因子家族特有的R2R3保守序列。含有两个内含子,第2个内含子长度为750 bp,占全长40.8%;在R3重复单元中存在与bHLH因子互作的‘[DE]Lx2[RK]x3Lx6Lx3R’序列;而促进花青素苷合成的MYB转录因子3个特征氨基酸残基中的丙氨酸(A)被丝氨酸(S)取代。RuMYB10基因在黑莓果实发育后期,即果实变红到最后变黑的过程中大量表达,与花青素苷的积累相一致。【结论】从黑莓中克隆到包含完整ORF的转录因子基因RuMYB10,具有MYB因子家族结构特征和bHLH因子结合域,且在果实花青素苷积累高峰期表达量最高。     

不同栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱发生规律

为明确北方茶园黑刺粉虱发生规律, 2016年—2017年于山东烟台系统研究了日光温室盖保温被?日光温室及露地3种栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱发生规律?结果表明, 3种栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱均以若虫在叶片背面越冬, 1年发生4代, 世代重叠严重?日光温室盖保温被栽培模式越冬代成虫羽化较日光温室和露地栽培发生早28 d左右, 日光温室和露地栽培模式下黑刺粉虱发生期差异不显著?3种栽培模式茶园黑刺粉虱成虫全年均有4次发生高峰期, 第1次高峰期日光温室盖保温被栽培模式较日光温室早20 d左右, 日光温室较露地早30 d左右?黑刺粉虱发生量依次为日光温室>露地>日光温室盖保温被, 均于10月上旬陆续以3龄若虫在叶片背面越冬?     

青藏高原高寒绿洲景观格局特征分析

借助遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等手段,运用生态学原理对青海香日德绿洲进行景观格局特征分析。结果表明,香日德绿洲景观多样性指数和均匀性指数分别为1.634和0.8397,均处于中等水平。研究区景观优势度不高,但是耕地、林地、未利用土地仍占有较高的景观比例,尤其耕地,不但景观比例大而且随着移民的不断涌入还有增长趋势;研究区景观分离度最大的是交通用地,最小的是耕地,表明耕地分散程度最小,交通用地最大。区域景观破碎度最大的是耕地和林地,最小的是交通用地和水域,说明耕地被分割程度最大,水域和交通用地最小。分维数指数最大的是居民及工矿用地,最小的是耕地,即居民点及工矿用地形状最不规则,受人为干扰最小,相反耕地形状最为规则,受人为干扰最大。     

井渠结合灌区节水效益模糊综合评价决策系统研究

针对井渠结合灌区缺乏节水评价指标与评价方法等突出问题,采用模糊综合评价方法,建立了井渠结合灌区节水农业综合评价指标体系,开发出了计算机辅助评价决策系统,该系统在国家节水农业重大科技专项"山东威海井渠结合节水技术集成与示范区"应用表明,系统确定的评价指标与评价方法科学、合理,评价结果可靠,计算机辅助管理系统性能稳定,操作简便。对于不同类型灌区节水效果评价及项目后评估具有重要指导意义。     

间歇供水条件下点源入渗规律研究

对间歇供水和连续供水方式下的杨凌粘壤土点源入渗进行了室内对比研究。结果表明:间歇供水地表点源入渗水平和竖直方向的最大入渗距离与入渗时间存在显著的幂函数关系;在灌水定额相同的条件下,大滴头流量(4L/h)间歇滴灌与小滴头流量(2L/h)连续滴灌相比较,间歇供水能有效增加水平湿润距离,同时垂向入渗距离降低15%;对应于同一灌水量,采用30min、60min和120min等3种间歇周期对点源入渗的水平和垂向入渗距离无明显影响。     

旱农区不同种植模式作物最佳补灌时期和适宜补灌量研究

The effect of supplementary irrigation with catchment rainfall on crop yield increment and its water use efficiency was studied on upland field with different cropping patterns to make full use of the natural rainfall. The results showed that the crop yield and water use efficiency was increased significantly after 45 mm～90 mm supplementary irrigation, as compared with no irrigation. The optimum total amounts of supplementary irrigation for all three cropping patterns were 90 mm. The optimum amounts and periods of irrigation for mono-cultured wheat were 8mm before sowing and 82　mm at its boot stage, those for film-covered mono-cultured were 90mm at its big horn stage, and those for multipled cropping wheat and film-covered corn were 4mm before wheat sowing and 19　mm both at jointing and boot stages, and 24　mm both at jointing and big horn stages of corn. The results were suitable for northern upland fields.     

黑龙江省农业高校科技信息服务协同模式探索

黑龙江省农业高校为现代化大农业建设做出了巨大贡献,创新和完善了以农技推广中心、国营农场、农业合作组织为纽带的科技信息服务协同模式。通过对技术产品研发、培训教育和技术咨询等服务内容的研究,分析其采用项目带动、典型示范、科教培训、技术入股、教育网络联盟的多元结合方式,并在基础环境、业务制度、组织人才和资金等方面采取了有力的保障措施。     

Polymorphic mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in a coastal riverscape: size class assemblages,distribution, and habitat associations

We compared the assemblage structure, spatial distributions, and habitat associations of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) morphotypes and size classes. We hypothesised that morphotypes would have different spatial distributions and would be associated with different habitat features based on feeding behaviour and diet. Spatially continuous sampling was conducted over a broad extent (29 km) in the Calawah River, WA (USA). Whitefish were enumerated via snorkelling in three size classes: small (10–29 cm), medium (30–49 cm), and large (≥50 cm). We identified morphotypes based on head and snout morphology: a pinocchio form that had an elongated snout and a normal form with a blunted snout. Large size classes of both morphotypes were distributed downstream of small and medium size classes, and normal whitefish were distributed downstream of pinocchio whitefish. Ordination of whitefish assemblages with nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that normal whitefish size classes were associated with higher gradient and depth, whereas pinocchio whitefish size classes were positively associated with pool area, distance upstream, and depth. Reach‐scale generalised additive models indicated that normal whitefish relative density was associated with larger substrate size in downstream reaches (R² = 0.64), and pinocchio whitefish were associated with greater stream depth in the reaches farther upstream (R² = 0.87). These results suggest broad‐scale spatial segregation (1–10 km), particularly between larger and more phenotypically extreme individuals. These results provide the first perspective on spatial distributions and habitat relationships of polymorphic mountain whitefish.