Herpesviral abortion in domestic animals

Abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several α, β and γ-herpesviruses. The α-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus EHV-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. In cattle, the α-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a γ-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all been implicated as causes of abortion. In pigs, suid herpesvirus-1 (SHV-1: pseudorabies virus), an α-herpesvirus, and SHV-2 (porcine cytomegalovirus), a β-herpesvirus, each cause abortion or neonatal piglet losses. Caprine herpesvirus-1, canine herpesvirus and feline herpesvirus-1, all α-herpesviruses, cause abortions or neonatal deaths in goats, dogs and cats, respectively. This review discusses the pathogenesis, pathology and laboratory diagnosis of these herpesviral abortions and neonatal diseases, with an emphasis on experimental studies of each disease. Alternative reviews covering other aspects of each infection, such as the genetic and antigenic structure of the viruses, host immune responses and approaches to vaccination and disease control are indicated at appropriate points in the text. nts in the text.     

Inclination and Anteversion of Collum Femoris in Hip Dysplasia and Coxarthritis

Madsen, J.S. and E. Svalastoga: Inclination and anteversion of collum femoris in hip dysplasia and coxarthritis. Acta vet. scand. 1994, 35, 115-119.–Femoral neck angles were measured radiographically in 41 dogs examined for hip dysplasia. Steep femoral neck inclination was found to be a phenomenon of hip dysplasia and coxofemoral joint laxity. The altered biomechanics of a steep femoral neck inclination may be a factor in the pathogenesis of hip dysplasia and secondary osteoarthritis.     

牛结节性皮肤病流行和防控研究进展

2019年8月首次在我国新疆伊犁暴发牛结节性皮肤病,随后传至全国各地。由于对这一新发病缺少全面认识和防控经验,临床上所用措施常表现出缺少针对性,导致该病的蔓延,给养牛业造成了重大经济损失。为明确该病发生的关键风险因素和防控该病的关键环节,本文从病原学特征、致病机制、临床特征、传播规律、诊断、预防和综合防控措施等方面进行了系统阐述,并针对我国牛结节性皮肤病的有效防控和净化提出了建议。     

水貂阿留申病发病机理的研究进展

水貂阿留申病是由阿留申病病毒引起的一种可对水貂养殖业造成严重损失的传染病。该病困扰动物医学界多年 ,始终未得到攻克。近年来随着分子生物学技术的发展 ,国内外学者对该病分子水平的发病机理有了更多的认识 ,研究内容主要集中在与水貂阿留申病发病密切相关的抗病毒抗体、病毒核酸的晚启动子P3 6及其顺式作用元件(cis acting)、结构蛋白VP2等方面。文章对以上研究进展进行了详细的归纳总结与分析 ,并在此基础上提出了尝试使用反义RNA或干扰RNA对该病进行预防、治疗的设想 ,以期今后对阿留申病的继续深入研究能有所帮助。     

脓毒血症致急性肾损伤及右美托咪定保护作用机制研究进展

脓毒血症可造成机体多器官、组织继发性损伤,其中肾脏是最易受其侵害脏器之一。脓毒血症致急性肾损伤(Septic acute kidney injury,SAKI)是病患预后不良、高死亡率主要原因,但SAKI发病机制、治疗药物作用靶位以及保护作用尚不明确。以往认为SAKI主要由肾脏血流动力学改变导致肾小管上皮细胞坏死造成,近年研究发现,血流动力学改变并非其最主要病理生理机制,还包括由内毒素介导的炎症反应、肾脏细胞凋亡、凝血功能异常致肾小球内栓塞以及坏死细胞造成肾小管阻塞等。右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine,DEX)对SAKI具一定保护作用,其保护机制尚无定论,多集中在抑制肾脏炎性因子产生,减轻氧化应激反应及细胞凋亡等方面。DEX具体分子作用机制和药效靶位尚不清楚,有待进一步研究。     

Rabies – epidemiology,pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review

Rabies is a zoonotic, fatal and progressive neurological infection caused by rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae. It affects all warm-blooded animals and the disease is prevalent throughout the world and endemic in many countries except in Islands like Australia and Antarctica. Over 60,000 peoples die every year due to rabies, while approximately 15 million people receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Bite of rabid animals and saliva of infected host are mainly responsible for transmission and wildlife like raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes are main reservoirs for rabies. The incubation period is highly variable from 2 weeks to 6 years (avg. 2–3 months). Though severe neurologic signs and fatal outcome, neuropathological lesions are relatively mild. Rabies virus exploits various mechanisms to evade the host immune responses. Being a major zoonosis, precise and rapid diagnosis is important for early treatment and effective prevention and control measures. Traditional rapid Seller's staining and histopathological methods are still in use for diagnosis of rabies. Direct immunofluoroscent test (dFAT) is gold standard test and most commonly recommended for diagnosis of rabies in fresh brain tissues of dogs by both OIE and WHO. Mouse inoculation test (MIT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are superior and used for routine diagnosis. Vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated viruses, DNA and recombinant vaccines can be done in endemic areas. This review describes in detail about epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, advances in diagnosis, vaccination and therapeutic approaches along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.     

猪脑心肌炎病毒感染对iNOS mRNA转录水平的影响

为研究iNOS在猪脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)致病机制中的作用,本研究将猪源EMCV GXLC株人工感染小鼠、仔猪,观察临床症状和病理变化,检测心、脑组织中iNOS mRNA转录水平。试验结果表明,小鼠和仔猪感染EMCV后均出现明显的临床症状、剖检及组织病理学变化显示心、脑组织的病理炎症分值显著增加;心、脑组织中的iNOS mRNA转录水平显著上调,并且转录水平上调的峰值与感染小鼠、仔猪出现明显临床症状、严重病理损害及小鼠死亡高峰存在明显的时间相关性,与心、脑组织的病理炎症分值成线性正相关。表明组织中iNOS的过量表达与感染动物的发病和死亡密切相关,iNOS在EMCV致病机制中发挥重要作用。     

细菌分泌系统与茄科雷尔氏菌致病机理的关系研究进展

青枯病(bacterial wilt)的致病菌茄科雷尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum主要通过Ⅲ型及Ⅱ型分泌系统等将多种毒性因子输送到细胞外而使寄主植物致病。主要综述了近年来茄科雷尔氏菌Ⅲ型和Ⅱ型分泌系统的Phc、Prh、EPS和Peh 4个调控网络与该病原菌致病性之间的关系,以及2个分泌系统相互之间的关系。可为进一步研究该病害的作用机理及寻找其致病性靶标提供参考。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒海安分离株感染雏鸡的病原动态分析

雏鸡是鸡传染性贫血病毒（Chickenanemiavirus,CAV）的最易感宿主。为系统了解中国国内CAV海安分离株（HA9805）感染雏鸡后的病原动态及与血清学和致病性的关系,本研究对1日龄SPF鸡进行了人工感染实验,感染后不同时间进行样品采集,并用病毒学、血清学以及组织病理学方法进行了检测与分析。研究结果发现,CAV海安分离株（HA9805）通过胸肌接种可引发雏鸡CAV病毒血症,引起CAV特征性临床症状及病理变化,并导致雏鸡高达13．3％的死亡率;血清中CAV核酸以及中和抗体的产生与组织病理变化以及疾病进程密切相关。该结果为CAV的早期诊断,制定有效的预防与控制措施提供了科学依据。     

精密组织切片的制备及其应用

精密组织切片是被研究人员广泛使用的器官体外模型,它保持了体外系统的主要优点,弥补了细胞系所缺失的功能,能充分维持组织活性、功能活性以进行毒性、诱导和感染研究.本文简要介绍了精密组织切片技术的发展进程、优点以及应用前景,对精密组织切片的制备方法、培养体系和活性测定指标,以及精密组织切片技术作为一种新型的离体模型应用于各个...