The prevalence and epidemiology ofAnoplocephala perfoliata infection in Norway

The caecum and the adjacent 30 cm lengths of ileum and large colon of 201 horses from two different regions of Norway (Østlandet and Trøndelag) were examined for the presence ofAnoplocephala perfoliata. In all, 20% of the horses were infested with the cestode (27% in Østlandet and 7% in Trøndelag). The mean number of worms in infected horses from the two regions was 18 and 6, respectively.Information was obtained on the age, sex, breed, type of pasture and anthelmintic treatment after the grazing season for 183 of the 20 horses. The degree of infestation withA. perfoliata was not influenced by age, breed or sex. The odds ratio (confidence limits) for using permanent pastures that had been grazed by horses for at least the 5 last years in succession was 8.8 (3.2–24.4). There was a significantly higher prevalence ofA. perfoliata infestation in Østlandet (odds ratio 3.1 (1.1–9.1). The relatively low prevalence ofA. perfoliata infestation in Norwegian horses compared to the reported prevalences in other countries and the differences in the prevalence between Østlandet and Trøndelag are discussed. Gross pathological examination identified lesions such as mucosal thickening, hyperaemia and/or erosions. These lesions were found in all of the infected horses, compared with only 5% of the non-infected horses.Examination of faecal samples from 26 of the infected horses detected cestode eggs in only three cases. It was concluded that faecal examination is an inadequate method for the diagnosis ofA. perfoliata infestation.     

液体生态地膜不同用量对小米草生长及产量的影响

小米草播种后,用液体生态地膜不同用量喷施畦面。结果表明,喷施液体生态地膜能增加小米草的基本苗数量,提高秧苗素质,并显著增加小米草的鲜草产量;液体生态地膜在小米草播量为600～750kg/hm2。这为液体生态地膜在牧草栽培上的应用提供了参考依据。     

退化羊草草地生态恢复技术的研究

在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗对退化羊草草地进行了更新复壮的技术研究,初步探索出了退化羊草草地生态恢复技术和群落演替规律。     

Effects of Stocking Rate and Overseeding with Red Clover on Productivity of Native Pasture Continuously Grazed by Yearling Steers

Overseeding with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and stocking rate are factors that can affect composition and production of hill land pasture. A grazing experiment utilizing yearling beef steers ( Bos taurus) was conducted using 3, 4, and 5 yearling steers ha⁻¹ (285 kg), on native pasture (predominantly Poa pratensis L.) overseeded with red clover and non overseeded. Paddocks of 1 ha were continuously set stocked from mid May to the end of Sept. Herbage mass, herbage consumed and the percentage of legumes, grasses, dead material, and non-leguminous broadleaf plants were recorded. Animals were weighed at the initiation and end of each grazing season and at 4 week intervals. Overseeding increased legume content 4-fold the seeding year but much of this increase was lost the following year. Herbage mass was greater on overseeded pasture the year following seeding but no effect on animal productivity was found. Stocking rate did not affect percentage legume but the proportions of other broadleaf plants increased at high stocking rates. Average daily gain as well as total gain ha⁻¹ was greatest at 4 steers ha⁻¹.     

高寒牧区藏系绵羊(1岁)冬季暖棚育肥试验

试验结果表明:藏系羔羊日粮中精料比例越高,个体增重、饲料转化率达到最大的时间就越长,曲线的峰值就出现的越晚。各育肥期羔羊个体增重在育肥组之间差异不显著,但同一育肥组羔羊的个体增重在不同育肥期之间差异显著(P<0.05)。3个育肥组和对照组羔羊个体总增重的顺序为:第1组>第3组>第2组>对照,且它们的增重率分别为51.27％、50.08％、48.75％和-8.25％,且3个育肥组羔羊个体增重极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01)。不论从羔羊个体增重,还是从饲料转化率的角度考虑,利用相应的日粮组成育肥1岁羔羊时,第1组、第2组和第3组分别不能少于50d、40d和40d。3个育肥组羔羊个体增重与实际采食量之间均呈显著的正相关关系,且第1、第2和第3组的线性回归方程依次为:Y=0.5951X-4.7596(r=0.8037,P<0.05);Y=0.5456X-6.2214(r=0.8587,P<0.05);Y=0.2418X-6.408(r=0.8474,P<0.05)。当X=7.998kg/10d·只,11.403kg/10d·只和26.502k/10d·只时,第1组、第2组和第3组羔羊的个体增重均为零,即在这种采食量水平下,只能够维持各组羔羊的基础代谢,只有采食量大于这种水平时,羔羊才能进行净生产。     

湟源地区草场封育对牧草结构及产草量影响的研究

对寺寨牧场1997－2000年3年牧草结构及产草量进行了测定分析，结果表明，天然草场通过围栏封育比未封育草场牧草种类，高度，盖度，明显增加，产草量提高68．4％。     

农牧交错区不同牧草时期放牧奶牛采食量与食性的研究

用饱和烷烃法对不同牧草时期放牧奶牛的采食量进行了测定.结果表明:放牧奶牛在牧草幼嫩期、旺盛期、枯黄期3期的采食量结果分别为:绝对采食量(kg/d)为11.54±0.66、13.83±0.55、5.75±0.32,采食量在牧草旺盛期时达到最高.采食组成幼嫩期以苔草为主、旺盛期以隐子草为主、枯黄期以赖草为主,这与草场植物的生长和奶牛的喜好有关.     

Identification of cultivars of pasture legumes (Centrosema macrocarpum,C. pubescens and C. sp.n.) by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cotyledons storage proteins

Summary An electrophoretic procedure was developed for storage proteins which can discriminate cultivars of forage legumes, Centrosema macrocarpum, C. pubescens and C. sp.n. Proteins extracted from cotyledons were separated in 10% polyacrylamide gel containing 10% sucrose. Electrophoretic patterns are presented to illustrate the results that can be obtained with the procedure described. Cultivars of all three species were distinguishable based upon the variation in their acid soluble seed proteins.Joint publiccation of the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba (No 101) and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical-CIAT.     

黄土高原沟壑区人工草地生产力研究—以长武王东沟试验区苜蓿地为例

该以长武王东试区苜蓿为例，根据草地生产力形成机制，结合一系列试验数据，探讨了人工草地生产潜力及其载畜量的估算方法。析人工草地生产力形成过程，量化了各种生态因子的产量效应，指明了提高草地生产力及其载畜量的有效途径。     

水分调节剂DY-ET100对番茄产量、品质及水氮在土壤中扩散的影响

为解决水分在土壤中横向扩散范围小和硝态氮淋溶等问题,以水分调节剂DY-ET100为供试材料,以清水、渴以友为对照,研究和对比了水分调节剂DY-ET100的添加对水分在不同土壤中的扩散情况及对硝态氮淋溶和番茄产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在掺沙和未掺沙黏土中添加水分调节剂DY-ET100较清水处理番茄果实中VC含量分别显著提高12.50%和20.51%;添加DY-ET100的处理使距滴头0～30 cm范围内的水分在土壤中分布更加均匀,滴灌时水分扩散半径较清水和渴以友分别增加22.53%和12.33%;在掺沙和未掺沙黏土中较清水处理硝态氮累积量增加41.21%和18.83%;同时减少硝态氮的淋溶损失量,在掺沙和未掺沙黏土较清水处理硝态氮淋溶损失降低7.53%和8.07%。研究为水分调节剂的使用推广提供了数据支撑。