叶面调节剂对新疆鲜食葡萄着色及品质的影响

【目的】 对比自主研发调节剂与市售调节剂及叶面肥的优劣,研究自主研发叶面调节剂对葡萄着色及品质的影响。【方法】 自主研发的叶面调节剂为研究对象,采用田间小区试验,以葡萄红地球为材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,分析喷施不同调节剂及叶面肥的条件下对葡萄着色及品质指标的影响。【结果】 喷施自主研发叶面调节剂相比于其它处理可有效调高葡萄的色泽参数,加强花色苷的累积,着色相关酶活性逐渐增加,果实纵横径增加,其膨大率处于较高水平,可溶性固形物含量提高,果皮硬度随时间变化而下降。【结论】 自主研发叶面调节剂相较于市售调节剂与叶面肥,各项指标均处于较高水平,可有效提高葡萄果实着色及品质指标。     

Grazing behaviour,physical activity and metabolic profile of two Holstein strains in an organic grazing system

The challenge for sustainable organic dairy farming is identification of cows that are well adapted to forage‐based production systems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the grazing behaviour, physical activity and metabolic profile of two different Holstein strains kept in an organic grazing system without concentrate supplementation. Twelve Swiss (H_CH; 566 kg body weight (BW) and 12 New Zealand Holstein‐Friesian (H_NZ; 530 kg BW) cows in mid‐lactation were kept in a rotational grazing system. After an adaptation period, the milk yield, nutrient intake, physical activity and grazing behaviour were recorded for each cow for 7 days. On three consecutive days, blood was sampled at 07:00, 12:00 and 17:00 h from each cow by jugular vein puncture. Data were analysed using linear mixed models. No differences were found in milk yield, but milk fat (3.69 vs. 4.05%, P = 0.05) and milk protein percentage (2.92 vs. 3.20%, P < 0.01) were lower in H_CH than in H_NZ cows. Herbage intake did not differ between strains, but organic matter digestibility was greater (P = 0.01) in H_CH compared to H_NZ cows. The H_CH cows spent less (P = 0.04) time ruminating (439 vs. 469 min/day) and had a lower (P = 0.02) number of ruminating boli when compared to the H_NZ cows. The time spent eating and physical activity did not differ between strains. Concentrations of IGF‐1 and T3 were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in H_CH than H_NZ cows. In conclusion, H_CH cows were not able to increase dry matter intake in order to express their full genetic potential for milk production when kept in an organic grazing system without concentrate supplementation. On the other hand, H_NZ cows seem to compensate for the reduced nutrient availability better than H_CH cows but could not use that advantage for increased production efficiency.     

生物有机肥和土壤调理剂对烤烟生长发育和产、质量的影响

为有效防治烟草青枯病、提高烟叶品质,采用田间试验,研究了单施土壤调理剂（T2）、单施含有烟草青枯病拮抗菌的生物有机肥（T3）、土壤调理剂与生物有机肥混合施用（T4）对烤烟农艺性状、烤烟病害发生及烤烟产、质量的影响。结果表明,与当地常规施肥（CK,T1）相比,T2、T3、T4处理烤烟产值分别增加9.1％、8.9％、7.6％,上等烟比例分别提高了2.6％、3.4％和3.6％;T3和T4处理的烟株青枯病、花叶病病情指数分别较 T1处理降低22.8％和26.3％、56.9％和35.0％。通过施用土壤调理剂调节土壤酸碱性和利用生物有机肥提高土壤微生物活性,可有效促进烟株的生长发育,提高烟株的抗病性和烤后烟叶品质。     

高寒牧区饲草作物生产性能及品质分析

针对高寒牧区饲草供应不足的现状,在青海省祁连县开展了玉米(Zeamays)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、燕麦(Aven sativa)和箭筈豌豆(Viciasativa)4种饲草作物种植,围绕其生产性能和品质进行了比较分析.结果表明:4种作物中以玉米覆盖地膜条件下鲜草和干草产量最高,分别达86 001和22 360kg/hm2,其中又以‘中玉9号’和‘金穗3号’表现突出.试验区内生产性能表现较差的为箭筈豌豆,其余两种作物生产性能居中.效益分析表明,玉米纯收入可达34 890元/hm2,其次为高粱、燕麦和箭筈豌豆.品质灰色关联度分析结果表明,箭筈豌豆品质最好,关联度系数为0.813 9.研究结果可为本地区饲草作物种植起到示范和指导作用.     

Increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity of grazing Japanese Black heifers and cows in forestland in Japan

Blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has become a key bio‐marker for animal health. Forest‐grazing cattle are known to forage various native plants that have high TAC. This study evaluated differences of plasma TAC between forest‐grazing (FG) and pasture‐grazing cattle (PG). Experiment 1 monitored the plasma TAC levels of 32 Japanese Black cattle. The level in PG did not change throughout the grazing period. However, that in FG, which increased from summer, was significantly higher than that in PG through fall (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, we used nine Japanese Black heifers and investigated their blood antioxidant parameters and the TAC in plants that the cattle consumed in late June and September. The plasma TAC levels in FG were significantly higher than those in PG in both periods (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation in FG tended to be lower than that in PG (P = 0.098). Furthermore, the TAC levels in various species of shrubs and trees consumed by FG were higher than those in pasture grasses. Results of this study show that plasma TAC of grazing Japanese Black cattle in forestland increase from summer through fall.     

废木片调理有机固体废弃物有氧堆肥工艺研究

食品加工厂剩余污泥含有丰富的有机质及氮、磷和微量元素等养分,可作为有机肥料和土壤改良剂。针对食品剩余污泥特性,采用高温好氧堆肥工艺,用牛粪、米糠、木片做添加剂,探讨了3组配比实验：第1桶,食品剩余污泥∶牛粪∶米糠∶木片=1∶0.5∶0.34∶0.71;第2桶,食品剩余污泥∶牛粪∶米糠∶木片=1∶0.5∶0.45∶0.86;第3桶,食品剩余污泥∶牛粪∶米糠∶木片=1∶0.5∶0.23∶0.56。综合实验结果分析,第2桶的效果最好,最后达到的参数指标温度、含水率、pH值、有机质含量、TOC的数值分别为28.1℃、30.6%、6.8、69.2%、29.1%。     

我国热带地区的牧草推广应用

概述我国热带地区牧草研究和发展现状，以及热区牧草推广应用存在的问题及改进方法，展望热带牧草的未来发展。     

基于无刷电机控制系统的便携式园林割草机设计

在深入研究我国割草机技术的基础上,设计了简单实用的园林便携式割草机。该割草机采用无刷电动机,与传统有刷电动机相比,其主要技术性能大幅提升。以无刷直流电动机专用驱动芯片IR2130为控制芯片,以功率器件MOSFET为开关器件,可实现对无刷直流电动机的控制。     

对牧区实行草场流转的几点思考

本文通过对青海省当前畜牧业发展形势的分析,提出加快推进牧区草场流转是推进当前产业结构调整,实现畜牧业规模经营,增加农牧民收入的重要途径,阐述了实行草场流转的必要性和重要性,并试分析了制约牧区草场流转的主要因素,进而提出了搞好牧区草场流转的对策和建议。     

气象条件与垂穗披碱草再生性关系的研究

利用河南县牧气观测资料 ,根据垂穗披碱草的生物学特性 ,探讨牧草的再生能力与积温、草原干湿指数、产草量的关系 ,可作为科学利用草场 ,合理轮牧的依据。