The prevalence and epidemiology ofAnoplocephala perfoliata infection in Norway

The caecum and the adjacent 30 cm lengths of ileum and large colon of 201 horses from two different regions of Norway (Østlandet and Trøndelag) were examined for the presence ofAnoplocephala perfoliata. In all, 20% of the horses were infested with the cestode (27% in Østlandet and 7% in Trøndelag). The mean number of worms in infected horses from the two regions was 18 and 6, respectively.Information was obtained on the age, sex, breed, type of pasture and anthelmintic treatment after the grazing season for 183 of the 20 horses. The degree of infestation withA. perfoliata was not influenced by age, breed or sex. The odds ratio (confidence limits) for using permanent pastures that had been grazed by horses for at least the 5 last years in succession was 8.8 (3.2–24.4). There was a significantly higher prevalence ofA. perfoliata infestation in Østlandet (odds ratio 3.1 (1.1–9.1). The relatively low prevalence ofA. perfoliata infestation in Norwegian horses compared to the reported prevalences in other countries and the differences in the prevalence between Østlandet and Trøndelag are discussed. Gross pathological examination identified lesions such as mucosal thickening, hyperaemia and/or erosions. These lesions were found in all of the infected horses, compared with only 5% of the non-infected horses.Examination of faecal samples from 26 of the infected horses detected cestode eggs in only three cases. It was concluded that faecal examination is an inadequate method for the diagnosis ofA. perfoliata infestation.     

冬种马铃薯免耕栽培种薯消毒方法试验

马铃薯免耕稻草覆盖栽培种薯消毒方法试验结果表明,采用生石灰拌种、克露500倍溶液浸种10min、1000g双飞粉＋20g甲基托布津＋20g多菌灵＋1g新植霉素混合粉剂（自制消毒剂）拌种、50%多菌灵500倍溶液浸种10min、70%百菌清500倍溶液浸种10min和500倍高锰酸钾溶液浸种10min等六种消毒方法,均能取得较好的增产效果,比种薯不经消毒处理直接播种增产45.6%～3.3%;从综合效果看,尤以生石灰拌种、克露浸种和多菌灵浸种处理较好,表现为出苗快、成苗率高、产量高、商品率高。     

退化羊草草地生态恢复技术的研究

在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗对退化羊草草地进行了更新复壮的技术研究,初步探索出了退化羊草草地生态恢复技术和群落演替规律。     

Effects of Stocking Rate and Overseeding with Red Clover on Productivity of Native Pasture Continuously Grazed by Yearling Steers

Overseeding with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and stocking rate are factors that can affect composition and production of hill land pasture. A grazing experiment utilizing yearling beef steers ( Bos taurus) was conducted using 3, 4, and 5 yearling steers ha⁻¹ (285 kg), on native pasture (predominantly Poa pratensis L.) overseeded with red clover and non overseeded. Paddocks of 1 ha were continuously set stocked from mid May to the end of Sept. Herbage mass, herbage consumed and the percentage of legumes, grasses, dead material, and non-leguminous broadleaf plants were recorded. Animals were weighed at the initiation and end of each grazing season and at 4 week intervals. Overseeding increased legume content 4-fold the seeding year but much of this increase was lost the following year. Herbage mass was greater on overseeded pasture the year following seeding but no effect on animal productivity was found. Stocking rate did not affect percentage legume but the proportions of other broadleaf plants increased at high stocking rates. Average daily gain as well as total gain ha⁻¹ was greatest at 4 steers ha⁻¹.     

高寒牧区藏系绵羊(1岁)冬季暖棚育肥试验

试验结果表明:藏系羔羊日粮中精料比例越高,个体增重、饲料转化率达到最大的时间就越长,曲线的峰值就出现的越晚。各育肥期羔羊个体增重在育肥组之间差异不显著,但同一育肥组羔羊的个体增重在不同育肥期之间差异显著(P<0.05)。3个育肥组和对照组羔羊个体总增重的顺序为:第1组>第3组>第2组>对照,且它们的增重率分别为51.27％、50.08％、48.75％和-8.25％,且3个育肥组羔羊个体增重极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01)。不论从羔羊个体增重,还是从饲料转化率的角度考虑,利用相应的日粮组成育肥1岁羔羊时,第1组、第2组和第3组分别不能少于50d、40d和40d。3个育肥组羔羊个体增重与实际采食量之间均呈显著的正相关关系,且第1、第2和第3组的线性回归方程依次为:Y=0.5951X-4.7596(r=0.8037,P<0.05);Y=0.5456X-6.2214(r=0.8587,P<0.05);Y=0.2418X-6.408(r=0.8474,P<0.05)。当X=7.998kg/10d·只,11.403kg/10d·只和26.502k/10d·只时,第1组、第2组和第3组羔羊的个体增重均为零,即在这种采食量水平下,只能够维持各组羔羊的基础代谢,只有采食量大于这种水平时,羔羊才能进行净生产。     

湟源地区草场封育对牧草结构及产草量影响的研究

对寺寨牧场1997－2000年3年牧草结构及产草量进行了测定分析，结果表明，天然草场通过围栏封育比未封育草场牧草种类，高度，盖度，明显增加，产草量提高68．4％。     

农牧交错区不同牧草时期放牧奶牛采食量与食性的研究

用饱和烷烃法对不同牧草时期放牧奶牛的采食量进行了测定.结果表明:放牧奶牛在牧草幼嫩期、旺盛期、枯黄期3期的采食量结果分别为:绝对采食量(kg/d)为11.54±0.66、13.83±0.55、5.75±0.32,采食量在牧草旺盛期时达到最高.采食组成幼嫩期以苔草为主、旺盛期以隐子草为主、枯黄期以赖草为主,这与草场植物的生长和奶牛的喜好有关.     

Identification of cultivars of pasture legumes (Centrosema macrocarpum,C. pubescens and C. sp.n.) by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cotyledons storage proteins

Summary An electrophoretic procedure was developed for storage proteins which can discriminate cultivars of forage legumes, Centrosema macrocarpum, C. pubescens and C. sp.n. Proteins extracted from cotyledons were separated in 10% polyacrylamide gel containing 10% sucrose. Electrophoretic patterns are presented to illustrate the results that can be obtained with the procedure described. Cultivars of all three species were distinguishable based upon the variation in their acid soluble seed proteins.Joint publiccation of the Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba (No 101) and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical-CIAT.     

黄瓜种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

采用离体平皿法对10个品种的黄瓜种子进行带菌检测,并测定5种杀菌剂和1种种衣剂对种子的消毒处理效果。结果表明,种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉属(Pen icilliumspp.)、根霉属(Rhizopusspp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillusspp.)、枝孢属(C ladosporiumspp.)、交链孢属(Alternariaspp.)和镰孢霉属(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为根霉属、曲霉属、枝孢属和镰孢霉属;不同品种的种子表面携带真菌种类差异较大,而种子内部寄藏的真菌种类差异不明显;种壳带菌率一般高于种仁带菌率。15%噁.霜.福悬浮种衣剂、适乐时和福美双对种子的消毒效果优于甲霜灵、多菌灵、噁霉灵等供试药剂。     

黄土高原沟壑区人工草地生产力研究—以长武王东沟试验区苜蓿地为例

该以长武王东试区苜蓿为例，根据草地生产力形成机制，结合一系列试验数据，探讨了人工草地生产潜力及其载畜量的估算方法。析人工草地生产力形成过程，量化了各种生态因子的产量效应，指明了提高草地生产力及其载畜量的有效途径。