项目驱动教学法在《JSP程序设计》教学中的应用

主要介绍项目驱动教学法在《JSP程序设计》课程教学过程中的开展和应用情况,项目驱动教学是教学改革的一个新的尝试,它改善了传统教学过程中忽视学生实践能力培养的弊端。通过项目教学法的实施,能有效地提高学生的问题分析能力、实践能力和创新能力以及培养学生的团队合作精神。     

Fishermen's perception on the sustainability of small‐scale fisheries and dolphin–fisheries interactions in two increasingly fragile coastal ecosystems in western Greece

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Assessing the ‘true impact’ of development assistance in the Gaza Strip and Tokelau: ‘Most Significant Change’ as an evaluation technique

The democratic evaluative tradition has sought to change evaluation practice towards approaches and techniques that generate diverse forms of knowledge and foster public deliberation over a programme's merit and worth. This paper locates one evaluation method, ‘Most Significant Change’ (MSC), within this tradition. Drawing on two different evaluations – one, of a comprehensive economic sector assistance package to the Government of Tokelau, and the other of a psychosocial and academic support intervention for pre‐adolescent children in conflict‐affected regions of the Gaza Strip – the paper provides evidence of how MSC can capture unexpected outcomes, act as a tool for real‐time formative learning, and expose the competing theories, logics and values behind programme activity. The examples within the paper also provide evidence of how MSC begins to redistribute traditional power relationships in assessing the merit and worth of observed impacts by increasing the legitimacy of local programme knowledge, and engaging all parties in evaluative decisions. By doing so, MSC, the paper argues, better serves the purposes of learning, improvement and mutual accountability which should sit at the core of good development practice.     

Site index models for Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey

Stem analysis data of 432 trees were obtained from even-aged, pure natural stands of Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Eight dynamic site equations derived with the Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach (GADA) were compared, based on autoregressive analysis and a thorough evaluation of the goodness of fit. We used generalized nonlinear least squares methods for model fitting. The adjusted coefficients of determination (0.9825–0.9842), root-mean-square errors (0.8004–0.8435 m), and Akaike’s information criterion differences (0–145) indicated a good fit of the eight site index equations. The Hossfeld equation (M3) provided the best result. The Durbin-Watson test statistic did not reveal an autocorrelation issue while the Hossfeld equation provided a satisfactory solution to the serial correlation problem in stem analysis data as time series using autoregressive modeling. This study presents new site index models for Calabrian pine forests in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey where it is the most important commercial tree species. The site index equation, based on the Hossfeld model is recommended for height growth prediction and site classification of Calabrian pine stands in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey, providing a new basis for growth prediction and yield estimation in these important forest ecosystems.     

Two energy balance closure approaches: applications and comparisons over an oasis-desert ecotone

Studies of energy balance that rely on eddy covariance(EC) are always challenged by energy balance closure, which is mainly caused by the underestimations of latent heat flux(LE) and sensible heat flux(Hs). The Bowen ratio(BR) and energy balance residual(ER) approaches are two widely-used methods to correct the LE. A comprehensive comparison of those two approaches in different land-use types is essential to accurately correcting the LE and thus improving the EC experiments. In this study, two energy balance approaches(i.e., BR and ER) were compared to correct the LE measured at six EC sites(i.e., three vegetated, one mixed and two non-vegetated sites) in an oasis-desert ecotone of the Heihe River Basin, China. The influences of meteorological factors on those two approaches were also quantitatively assessed. Our results demonstrated that the average energy closure ratio((LE+Hs)/(Rn–Gs); where Rn is the surface net radiation and Gs is the surface soil heat flux) was approximately close to 1.0 at wetland, maize and village sites, but far from 1.0 at orchard, Gobi and desert sites, indicating a significant energy imbalance at those three latter sites. After the corrections of BR and ER approaches that took into account of soil heat storage, the corrected LE was considerably larger than the EC-measured LE at five of six EC sites with an exception at Gobi site. The BR and ER approaches yielded approximately similar corrected LE at vegetated and mixed sites, but they generated dissimilar results at non-vegetated sites, especially at non-vegetated sites with low relative humidity, strong wind, and large surface-air temperature difference. Our findings provide insight into the applicability of BR and ER approaches to correcting EC-based LE measurements in different land-use types. We recommend that the BR-corrected and ER-corrected LE could be seriously reconsidered as validation references in dry and windy areas.     

参与式治理视角下江西省农村污水治理模式探讨

中国大部分农村地区的水源受到污染,村民饮水安全得不到保障,农村污水治理迫在眉睫。以江西省为例,在分析农村污水现状、特点及危害的基础上,从参与式治理的角度出发,探讨了江西省农村污水治理的成效,以期为其他地区农村污水治理提供参考。     

农户贷款拖累农村信用社的经营绩效吗?

利用DEA-Tobit两阶段法,基于某省76家农村信用社的面板数据,对农户贷款发放量与农村信用社经营绩效之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明,农户贷款对提高农村信用社经营绩效有正向影响;为进一步探讨农户贷款影响农村信用社经营绩效的路径,又实证分析了农户贷款比例与影响农村信用社经营绩效的成本收入比、不良贷款率、贷款收息率、营业税金及附加和所得税之间的关系,发现农户贷款比例与成本收入比和贷款收息率正相关,与营业税金及附加和所得税负相关,与不良贷款率不相关。基于以上研究结论,提出了改善农户贷款的对策建议。     

比较教学法及其在植物学教学改革中的应用

介绍了比较教学法的概念及几种形式,阐述了比较教学法在植物学教学改革中的应用,并分析了所取得的效果。     

李白诗《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》英译中的文化缺省

文化缺省(culture default)指交际过程中对双方共有文化背景知识的省略,这种现象在文学作品中大量存在。中国古典诗歌蕴含着大量具有民族特色的文化信息,存在很多文化缺省现象,这给译者带来了极大的困难。本文通过对比李白诗《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》的三个英译版本,分析了该诗在翻译过程中的文化缺省现象,并提出了文外加注这一解决方法。     

发展现代农业是转变农业发展方式的必由之路——基于对安徽农业发展的认识

发展现代农业是转变安徽农业发展方式的必由之路,根本是要将农业、农村经济增长转到依靠科技进步上来;其重点是要加快发展农产品加工业和农村服务业,实现农业产业的第一、第二、第三产业的协调发展;其技术路径是要大力推进农业产业结构调整;其制度构建要点是加快农业经营体制、机制创新。