安徽农业大学服务现代农业发展的思考与实践

农业人才培养、科技创新和服务新农村建设,是高等农业院校的神圣职责,也是新时期农业院校服务现代农业发展的三个重要着力点。“十二五”期间,安徽农业大学将立足自身职能和社会职责,以现代农业发展的需求为导向,注重从提升人才培养质量、提高农业科技创新能力和完善产学研体制机制等方面,助推现代农业发展,力求为服务安徽经济社会发展作出新的更大贡献。     

遵义市烤烟育种工作发展思路探讨

回顾遵义市"十一五"烤烟育种工作,分析了烤烟育种工作中存在的问题,并围绕行业对烤烟品种需求的演变和遵义市烤烟生产的品种需求,从种质资源基础研究、调整育种目标、完善目标性状检测评价体系、育种目标实现途径、自育品种区域化推广应用等方面提出了遵义市"十二五"烤烟育种工作建议。     

Approaches to Promote China＇s Low Carbon Agricultural Development

Low carbon agriculture is a new production mode of green agriculture development to face the challenge of the global climate change, and a kind of innovation on developing circular agriculture. Up to n...     

碳汇林土壤盐分分布特征(英文)

[目的]对新疆地区进行土壤盐分特征分析,开展该区土壤盐渍化特征研究,为干旱地区盐渍化研究提供参考依据。[方法]以克拉玛依碳汇林中不同土地类型的土壤垂直剖面为研究对象,对其土壤盐分、可溶性离子进行测定,运用统计特征值、趋势面等方法进行分析,探讨该区域土壤盐分分布特征。[结果]碳汇林研究区土壤中盐类主要为硫酸盐-氯化物型及氯化物型,其中阳离子主要是Na+、K+和Ca2+,阴离子主要有CO32-,Cl-和SO42-;CO32-变异系数高达292.91,Cl-的变异系数为265.56。土壤可溶性总盐在0~100cm土层中变化趋势不显著,土层中的含量较稳定。[结论]该研究为加快对土壤盐渍化的动态监测,寻找盐渍化有效地控制途径奠定基础。     

Analysis of three crucial elements of REDD+ in participatory forest management

Abstract

It is claimed that reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) could contribute to sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks as well as having the potential to deliver significant social and environmental co-benefits (+). From the perspectives of local factors and broader governance issues related to REDD+, this study aims to explore findings related to three crucial elements, commitment, transparency and continuity, implemented jointly with participatory forest management in Tanzania in the case of the REDD+ mechanism. This paper argues that commitment and transparent systems are needed at village level, as well as at the various levels of forest governance and among the donors, in order for REDD+ benefits to be shared equitably at the REDD+ project level. Any REDD+ project should include safeguards that recognise and protect the continuity of multipurpose functions of the forest to local people and avoid dependence on external payments.     

参与式乡村评估在青海海东地区CDM造林再造林项目中的应用

基于实地踏查、问卷调查、社区会议及关键人物访谈等参与式乡村评估工具对青海海东地区清洁发展机制(CDM)造林再造林项目进行评估,结果表明:拟议项目能很好地反映当地社区生计发展需求,不仅将对缓解气候变化做出贡献,还将为社区经济发展和环境保护做出贡献。农户、社区和政府等相关利益群体对项目实施提出进行更多的技术和业务培训,合理选择资金安排,采用混交种植方式等有益建议。     

参与式乡村评估在青海大通县CDM造林再造林项目中的应用

基于实地踏查、问卷调查、社区会议及关键人物访谈等参与式乡村评估工具对青海大通县清洁发展机制(CDM)造林再造林项目进行评估,结果表明:拟议项目能很好地反应当地社区生计发展需求,不仅将对缓解气候变化做出贡献,还将为社区经济发展和环境保护做出贡献,农户、社区和政府等相关利益群体对项目实施提出了有益建议。     

Research note: Evaluation of the reliability of local farmer knowledge in Namaqualand,South Africa

Abstract

Local farmer knowledge of species distribution patterns and plant palatability in Namaqualand, South Africa, was assessed using Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques. These findings were compared with the results obtained using phytosociological techniques (species distribution), and with palatability indices published in the literature. It was found that farmers were knowledgeable of species distribution close to the settlement, but less so further away from the settlement. Farmer plant palatability rankings did not correlate well with the palatability indices found in the published literature, which suggests that palatability in semi‐arid regions are locality specific.     

A cadaver study comparing two approaches for performing maxillary nerve block in dogs

Objective To compare the success by inexperienced anaesthetists of using a modified infraorbital approach to the maxillary nerve with the traditional percutaneous approach. Study design Prospective, randomized, blinded controlled study. Animals Heads from 37 euthanized Beagle and Beagle cross dogs. Methods Four anaesthetists were recruited to perform two different approaches to block the maxillary nerve of the cadavers. The infraorbital (I) approach advanced an intravenous catheter along the infraorbital canal. Earlier measurements from scans of similar heads were used to assess suitable catheter size. The percutaneous (P) approach introduced a needle percutaneously just below the ventral border of the zygomatic arch. The side of the head where the technique was to be performed was randomized. A total volume of 0.5 mL methylene blue was injected in each approach. After completion of injections, head dissections were performed by an investigator unaware of the approach used and staining of the maxillary and pterygopalatine nerves was evaluated. Chi squared analysis examined the relationship between the methods (p < 0.05). Complications related to the techniques, such as intravascular/intraneural injection and location of the dye, were evaluated macroscopically. Results Maxillary nerve staining >6 mm was found in 64.9% (I) versus 21.6% (P) attempts; staining <6 mm was found in 27% (I) versus 21.6% (P); and no nerve staining 8.1% (I) versus 56.8% (M). Pterygopalatine nerve staining was found in 70% (I) versus 21% (P). The infraorbital approach demonstrated significantly higher maxillary and pterygopalatine nerve staining compared to the percutaneous approach (p = 0.001 for both nerves). No evidence of intravascular/intraneural injections was found. Conclusion and clinical relevance The infraorbital approach was more successful than the percutaneous approach when performed by inexperienced anaesthetists. No macroscopic complications were observed.     

Communicative Action to Level the Playing Field in Forest Plantations in Indonesia

The government of Indonesia allocated state land to private companies to establish forest plantations. However, ownership of this land was contested by some Sumatran communities. The plantation company, endorsed by the government, quickly developed a partnership to resolve the conflict, but this was unclear and inequitable. Action research was carried out to facilitate communication among stakeholders. This communicative action changed some perceptions and shared values began to emerge. A forum was established, which contributed to equitability producing a better partnership. This research is a model for empowering local communities in climate change, bioenergy, and food security negotiations.