舌感受器的比较组织学观察

本文用比较组织学方法,观察大量舌组织切片,初步发现:舌感受器随着动物进化发展在种类与形态结构上有较明显的差异,两栖类最为简单,只看到游离神经末梢;啮齿、偶蹄和食肉类较复杂,有游离神经末梢、丛束状神经末梢、味蕾和肌梭等;人类最为高级,结构最为复杂,增加了肌间结缔组织感受器、肌束膜感受器、血管旁感受器和肌腱感受器等。此外,本文还对上述感受器进行了生理机能、组织发生和生物进化方面的分析和讨论。     

Immunohistochemical and Taqman real-time PCR detection of mycobacterial infections in fish

Real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were developed to detect fish mycobacterial infections at the genus level, based on the RNA polymerase β subunit (rpoB) gene and polyclonal anti‐Mycobacterium rabbit serum, respectively. The PCR assay positively identified a number of pathogenic mycobacteria including Mycobacterium abscessus, M. avium ssp. avium, M. bohemicum, M. chelonae ssp. chelonae, M. farcinogenes, M. flavescens, M. fortuitum ssp. fortuitum, M. gastri, M. gordonae, M. immunogenicum, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. montefiorense, M. phlei, M. phocaicum, M. pseudoshottsii, M. salmoniphilum, M. senegalense, M. shottsii, M. smegmatis, M. szulgi and M. wolinskyi. A detection limit equivalent to 10² cfu g^?1 was registered for M. salmoniphilum‐infected fish tissue. The IHC precisely localized both free and intracellular mycobacteria in tissues and detected mycobacterial infections down to 10² cfu g^?1 tissue. Both assays were found to be more sensitive than Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, where the detection limit was below 8 × 10³ cfu g^?1 tissue. Although specificity testing of the real‐time PCR against a panel of non‐Mycobacterium spp. revealed a degree of cross‐reaction against pure DNA extracted from Nocardia seriolae and Rhodococcus erythropolis, no cross‐reactions were identified (by either real‐time PCR or IHC) on testing of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues confirmed to be infected with these bacteria. The broad applicability of both assays was confirmed by analysis of FFPE tissues from a range of fish species infected with diverse Mycobacterium spp. The results indicate that both assays, alone or in combination, constitute sensitive tools for initial, rapid diagnosis of mycobacteriosis in fish. This should in turn allow rapid application of more specific studies, i.e. culture based, to identify the specific Mycobacterium sp. involved.     

基于容量总量及断面达标的流域水污染控制研究

利用各市环境监测站2006-2008年的例行监测数据对如泰运河的水环境污染程度进行了分析。通过对研究区污染源的调查,测算污染物入河总量并分析污染结构特征。根据水环境功能区的水质目标,分别计算出如皋单元和如东单元的水环境容量,建立控制断面（行政交界断面与入海断面）水质与上游各污染源排污量之间的函数关系。以此为基础,确定各种污染控制方案。结果表明：如泰运河流经的集镇中,如东的马塘和掘港2个集镇的河段水质较差,污染源结构表明如东单元工业源比重较如皋偏大,约为如皋的1.5倍。如皋单元的总量控制值：COD为8 016 t/a,NH3-N为532 t/a,TP为87 t/a;如东单元的总量控制值：COD为9 268 t/a,NH3-N为547 t/a,TP为77 t/a。当将城市生活污染源接管率提高到60%,原直排工业污染源均按GB 18918-2002一级A标准排放,未达标排放的企业全部接管,并对污水厂增加脱氮除磷处理工艺后,控制断面的所有污染因子方能达标。     

穿山甲心脏的组织结构研究

探讨野生穿山甲心脏的组织结构及特征,以便为其人工驯养和理论研究提供依据。取野生穿山甲心脏制成石蜡组织切片,进行显微观察和摄影,研究其组织结构和特征。结果表明:穿山甲的心肌纤维较长,而分支相对较少;心肌纤维间的间隙较小,肌肉组织结构相对紧密。     

Size effect on longitudinal MOE of microtomed wood sections and relevant theoretical explanation

It has been repeatedly observed that the mechanical properties of microtomed wood sections are significantly lower than those of samples of normal size, but few investigations have been conducted to deal with this topic, especially based on theoretical approaches. We measured the longitudinal MOE of Chinese fir on microtomed sections ranging in thickness from 70 to 200 μm and compared these with the values of samples of normal size. The results indicate that the MOE of microtomed wood sections increases with thickness from 70 to 200 μm, but is significantly less than that of normal samples. A size effect coefficient of 2.63 is inferred based on statistical data for samples of normal size and 200 μm thick microtomed sections. Finally, an explanation based on a complete shear restraint model of cell walls and a single fiber multi-ply model is proposed for the size effect on stiffness of microtomed wood sections.     

Interrelationships between leaf heat conductivity and tissue structures of different varieties of Populus tomentosa Carr.

Plant heat conductivity largely depends on tissue structure. Different structures lead to different heat conductivity. As well, water transfer also plays a very important role in heat transfer in plants. We have studied leaf heat conductivity and tissue structure of 3- and 30-year-old Populus tomentosa Carr. trees using infrared thermal imaging, steady state heat conductivity surveys and paraffin section and investigated the relationship between leaf heat conductivity, tissue structure and water content of leaves. The results show that the temperature on leaf surfaces among the various varieties of trees was almost the same. Leaf heat conductivity, temperature and water content of leaves are positively correlated. The thicker the leaf tissue structures, the larger the heat resistance. That is, the tighter the cells and the smaller the interspaces, the smaller the heat conductivity, which is not conducive for heat transfer.     

Interrelationships between leaf heat conductivity and tissue structures of different varieties of Populus tomentosa Carr.

Plant heat conductivity largely depends on tissue structure. Different structures lead to different heat conductivity. As well, water transfer also plays a very important role in heat transfer in plants. We have studied leaf heat conductivity and tissue structure of 3- and 30-year-old Populus tomentosa Carr. trees using mildred thermal imaging, steady state heat conductivity surveys and paraffin section and investigated the relationship between leaf heat conductivity, tissue structure and water content of leaves. The results show that the temperature on leaf surfaces among the various varieties of trees was almost the same. Leaf heat conductivity, temperature and water content of leaves are positively correlated. The thicker the leaf tissue structures, the larger the heat resistance. That is, the tighter the cells and the smaller the interspaces, the smaller the heat conductivity, which is not conducive for heat transfer.     

毛蚶组织切片的制作和观察

以毛蚶组织为试验材料,使用苏木精—伊红染色法(HE染色法),对毛蚶组织结构进行固定、切片、染色。将制作的组织切片放在显微镜下,观察其组织结构特点,探讨贝类组织切片制作的各个技术要素。     

动物组织HE染色石蜡切片技术的改进

组织切片方法是教学、科研、病理检验工作中广泛应用的一种实验技术.近年来对传统的组织切片方法进行了全面地改进试验研究,使组织固定完全,脱水彻底,透明适度,浸蜡充分,切片较薄,染色良好;不仅缩短时间,简化程序,节省药液,而且提高了组织切片的质量.     

SO4防结蜡防腐涂料的研制与应用

介绍了以可形成高光滑度表面覆盖层的聚氨酯树脂为基料，添加有憎蜡作用的助剂等颜填料研制出的ＳＯ４防结蜡防腐涂料。从这种防腐涂料的基料选择，颜填料及溶剂分析，性能试验及现场应用等几个方面进行了研究。研究和应用试验结果表明：ＳＯ４涂料不仅具有优良的物理机械性能和耐化学介质稳定性等防腐性能，而且防结蜡效果较为明显，能阻止蜡晶在油管及抽油杆表面的吸附。