Serum lipase determination in the dog: a comparison of a titrimetric method with an automated kinetic method

An enzymatic, kinetic method for determining serum lipase activity was evaluated and compared to a standard manual method for use in dogs. The kinetic method was a commercial kit adapted for use on a tandem access clinical chemistry analyzer and utilized a series of coupled enzymatic reactions based on the hydrolysis of 1,2-diglyceride by lipase. The manual method was the Cherry-Crandall technique based on the titration of base against the acid formed by hydrolysis of an olive oil substrate by lipase. The correlation between the two methods was very good (r = 0.94). The reference range for 56 clinically healthy dogs assayed by the kinetic method was 90 to 527 U/L. Diseases associated with a greater than twofold elevation in serum lipase activity as determined by the kinetic method included pancreatitis, gastritis with liver disease, and oliguric renal failure with metabolic acidosis. In some cases, pancreatitis was seen with other clinical problems, such as gastroenteritis, diabetic ketoacidosis, duodenal mass, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and septic peritonitis. Diseases associated with serum lipase activity within the reference range or elevated less than twofold included gastritis, gastric ulcer, cholestasis, phenobarbital-induced hepatopathy, colitis, copper hepatopathy, abdominal hematoma, apocrine gland adenocarcinoma, and thrombocytopenia with pneumonia.     

文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺优化及减肥降脂功效

【目的】优化文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺,并对其减肥降脂功效进行分析。【方法】采用单因素试验并结合Box-Behnken响应面法,对文冠果叶总皂苷的提取温度、液(mL)料(g)比、乙醇体积分数进行优化。采用高脂饲料喂养小鼠建立高血脂症模型,建模4周后,以奥利司他为阳性对照,分别采用高（200 mg/kg）、中（100 mg/kg）、低（50 mg/kg）剂量组文冠果叶总皂苷连续灌胃4周,检测小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）的浓度,分析不同剂量文冠果叶总皂苷对小鼠体内胰脂肪酶的抑制作用。【结果】文冠果叶总皂苷的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度60 ℃,乙醇体积分数70%,液(mL)料(g)比30∶1,此时文冠果叶总皂苷得率为4.952%。对小鼠的减肥降脂试验表明,文冠果叶总皂苷对胰脂肪酶的抑制活力最高可达68.29%,且在高血脂模型中,高、中、低剂量文冠果叶总皂苷均可显著或极显著降低血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C浓度,提高HDL-C浓度,其中高剂量组的降脂作用与阳性对照药物奥利司他效果相当。【结论】文冠果叶总皂苷减肥降脂功效显著,能够有效抑制胰脂肪酶活力,降低胆固醇和甘油三酯含量,进而促进脂肪代谢。     

Aquatic birnavirus induces apoptosis through activated caspase-8 and -3 in a zebrafish cell line

In this study, the possible influence of temperature on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)-induced apoptosis in a zebrafish liver epithelium (ZLE) cell line was investigated. At a lower temperature (18 degrees C), there was expression of viral proteins VP2 and VP3 at 4 h post-infection (p.i.). At this time no expression was found in the high temperature group at 28 degrees C. The cell survival ratio was 52 and 18% at 24 and 48 h p.i., respectively, during IPNV infection at 18 degrees C. In addition, we assayed for apoptosis in IPNV-infected cells with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated end labelling (TUNEL) of DNA at different dosages of virus. We found a ratio of apoptotic cells of 8 and 25% at 12 and 18 h p.i., respectively, in the multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 group. The MOI 10 group had 20 and 45% apoptotic cells at 12 and 18 h, respectively. Furthermore, at 18 degrees C IPNV activated the caspase-8 and 3 from 1.5 to 2 times at 12 and 18 h p.i., respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that successful virus replication occurs at the low temperature (18 degrees C) compared with the non-permissive temperature of 28 degrees C. Thus, IPNV replication is capable of activating caspase-8 and -3 and inducing host apoptosis.     

Maturation of the pancreatic and intestinal digestive functions in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): effect of weaning with different protein sources

The maturation of the digestive functions in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae was evaluated by the enzymatic profile of pancreas and intestine brush border membranes. Sea bass larvae were weaned at day 25 with three simplified diets different by their protein nature: 100% fish meal (FP), 100% casein mixture (CP) and 50% fish meal-50% casein mixture (CFP). The casein mixture contained 35% of hydrolysate. The control group was fed live preys. The specific activity of amylase decreased with age irrespectively of the diets whereas the specific activity of trypsin was enhanced. The casein mixture reduced pancreatic secretion in amylase and trypsin. The CFP group differed from the other groups fed on compound diets, exhibiting as soon as day 32 high activities of brush border enzymes, similar to controls. This sharp increase between day 25 and 32 appeared to be crucial for larval survival. The addition of a protein hydrolysate in a weaning diet seems to facilitate this maturation process.     

Salmonid fish viruses and cell interactions at early steps of the infective cycle

A flow cytometric virus-binding assay that directly visualizes the binding and entry of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and virus haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) to several cell lines was established. The highest efficiency of binding was shown by the BF-2 cell line and this was used to study, at the attachment level, the interactions of these cells with salmonid fish viruses in coinfections, and to further determine if the earliest stage of the viral growth cycle could explain the previously described loss of infectivity of IHNV when IPNV is present. Our results demonstrated that IPNV binds to around 88% of cells either in single or dual infections, whereas IHNV attachment always decreased in the presence of any of the other viruses. VHSV binding was not affected by IPNV, but coinfection with IHNV reduced the percentage of virus-binding cells, which suggests competition for viral receptors or co-receptors. Internalization of the adsorbed IHNV was not decreased by coinfection with IPNV, so the hypothetical competence could be restricted to the binding step. Treatment of the cells with antiviral agents, such as amantadine or chloroquine, did not affect the binding of IPNV and VHSV, but reduced IHNV binding by more than 30%. Tributylamine affected viral binding of the three viruses to different degrees and inhibited IPNV or IHNV entry in a large percentage of cells treated for 30 min. Tributylamine also inhibited IHNV cytopathic effects in a dose-dependent manner, decreasing the virus yield by 4 log of the 50% endpoint titre, at 10 mm concentration. IPNV was also inhibited, but at a lower level. The results of this study support the hypothesis that IHNV, in contrast to VHSV or IPNV, is less efficient at completing its growth cycle in cells with a simultaneous infection with IPNV. It can be affected at several stages of viral infection and is more sensitive to the action of antiviral compounds.     

Inhibition study of red rice polyphenols on pancreatic α-amylase activity by kinetic analysis and molecular docking

This study sought to investigate the possible inhibition mechanism of red rice polyphenols (RRP) on pancreatic α-amylase (PA) activity. RRP showed strong inhibition against PA activity and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 3.61 μg/mL. The fluorescence quenching of PA by RRP was a combination of static quenching and dynamic quenching. RRP could aggregate with PA and the physiochemical properties of the aggregates were closely related to the concentration of RRP. Kinetic analysis suggested that the inhibition mode of RRP on PA was reversible inhibition, which was a mixing of competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition. Molecular docking speculated that RRP could form hydrogen bonds with PA by binding to the catalytic active sites (ASP197, GLU233 and ASP300) and the microenvironments of TRP58 and TRP59 were altered, thus inhibiting PA activity.     

亚砷酸对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖及RASSFIA基因甲基化的影响

目的探讨亚砷酸对人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖及RAS相关结构域家族基因1A（RASSHA）甲基化的影响。方法PANC-1细胞用不同浓度亚砷酸处理,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,甲基化特异性PCR（MSV）法检测RASSFlA基因甲基化情况。结果随着亚砷酸浓度增加（1．2～4．8μmol／L）和作用时间延长,PANC-1细胞抑制率逐渐增加（P〈0．05）。PANC－1细胞中RASSFlA基因表现为高甲基化状态,但其甲基化随亚砷酸浓度增加而逐渐减弱。结论亚砷酸对PANC－1细胞增殖的抑制作用具有时间和剂量依赖性,并通过RASSFlA基因的去甲基化起作用。     

术中无水酒精注射治疗不能切除胰腺癌的效果观察

目的 观察术中注射无水酒精治疗不能切除胰腺癌的效果.方法 1995年5月至2005年8月60例不能切除之晚期胰腺癌患者,其中36例(A组)在行胆肠和(或)胃肠改道手术基础上,术中行瘤体内以及腹腔神经丛无水酒精注射处理,术后定期随访,观察症状缓解和生存期(术后0.5、1a存活率情况).余24例(B组)同期仅行胆肠和(或)胃肠改道手术,仅观察生存期(术后0.5、18存活率)作为对照.结果 A组36例的顽固性腰背痛症状术后即基本消失,其余临床症状均有不同程度缓解;瘤体在术后2个月均有缩小(平均缩小29%);随访平均生存期(8.9±2.4)个月,较B组(5.5±0.4)个月长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).A组术后0.5、1a存活率分别为81.8%、45.5%;B组术后0.5、1a存活率分别为54.5%、18.2%,A组高于B组,两组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 术中瘤体内及腹腔神经丛无水酒精注射治疗不能切除之胰腺癌,能延缓肿瘤生长,显著减轻癌性疼痛,从而延长患者生存期,提高其生存质量,是一种安全、简便、有效的治疗措施.