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D. M. Burner 《Euphytica》1991,54(1):125-133
Summary Meiosis was studied in 31 wild Saccharum relatives, including Erianthus (8 clones), Miscanthus (5 clones), Narenga prophyrocoma (1 clone), S. robustum (3 clones), and S. spontaneum (14 clones). Chromosome number for 18 clones confirmed published counts or was typical of the particular species. Chromosome number for seven clones (Djatiroto 2n=58, Molokai 5099 2n=80, SES 84/58 2n=58, SES 114 2n=64, SES 260 2n=64, Taiwan 100 2n=112, and US 57-11-2 2n=60) differed from published counts (2n=112, 86-100, 64, 60, 60, 96, and 30, respectively). Counts were obtained for the first time for six clones (Local escape 2n=96, Nepal 2n=72, NG 77-77 2n=108–112, NG 77-199 2n=166, US 57-60-2 2n=20, and US 68-1-4 2n=38). Bivalent chromosome pairing predominated in all clones. Meiotic irregularity (numeric aberrations, univalents, multivalents, and telophase II micronuclei) tended to be associated with taxonomic grouping and level of polyploidy. Clones in Erianthus, Miscanthus, and Narenga were apparent euploids (2n=20–60) and tended to have fewer meiotic irregularities than Saccharum clones. Differences in level of meiotic stability among taxonomic groups may reflect error in chromosome association and synapsis associated with high chromosome number. 相似文献
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The meiotic behavior of three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, 2n = 6x = 42) genotypes, giant fescue (F. gigantea, 2n = 6x = 42), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids and C1, amphiploids was evaluated to determine the parental genomic relationships. Isozyme banding patterns were used to confirm the parental identity of the hybrids and amphiploids. At meta-phase I, the parents had predominantly bivalent pairing. The hybrids had an average of 9.51 I, 16.02 II, 0.12 III, 0.02 IV, and the amphiploids had 2.17 I, 38.82 II, 0.60 III, 0.58 IV, 0.01 V—VIII. The prevalence of bivalent pairing in both hybrids and amphiploids suggested a homoeologous relationship between the six genomes, with four of the six being more closely related. Bivalent pairing in the amphiploids indicated genetic regulation of chromosome pairing. Zymograms were obtained for acid phosphatase (ACPH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). The three tall fescue and giant fescue parents had different zymograms for ACPH, MDH, 6-PGD and PGI; thus, the tall fescue parents of the hybrids and amphiploids could be determined based on the banding patterns of these four enzymes. Phenotypes were determined for ACPH-1, PGI-2 and 6-PGD-1. ACPH-1 may be used to follow the introgression of giant fescue chromatin into a certain tall fescue genotype. 相似文献
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高粱同源四倍体及其杂交种的细胞遗传学研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对同源四倍体高粱品系和杂交种的细胞学观察发现,其减数分裂的各个时期均有特异性。具体表现在,前期Ⅰ有3.94%的PMC中存在多个核仁,其中以双核仁形式出现的频率最高;终变期—中期Ⅰ具有不同的染色体构型,可观察到同源染色体的四种组成形式;后期Ⅰ出现大量落后染色体,其中以单价体提前分离造成的染色单体落后较为常见,单价染色体落后较少;前期Ⅱ和四分体时期可观察到核外染色体;中期Ⅱ发现有部分染色体不排列于赤道板上;后期Ⅱ仍有新的落后染色体产生。对四价体频率和后期Ⅰ带有落后染色体细胞出现频率进行的统计分析发现,品系间和不同的杂交种间存在显著的差异,说明染色体的配对能力和正常分配能力均受基因型影响。研究还发现,这两个重要的细胞学现象具有明显的负向超亲优势,杂交种的四价体频率明显降低,落后染色体明显减少。 相似文献
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Interspecific hybrids and amphiploids between Aegilops caudata L. (2n = 2x = 14, CC) and Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell. conv. durum Desf M. K. (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) were produced. Such hybrids can be used to introduce desirable traits such as disease resistance into cultivated durum wheats. One of the durum parents was a ph I mutation of the cv. ‘Cappelli’ used for testing the possibility of direct introduction of alien variation into cultivated species. The amphiploids were obtained both through colchicine chromosome doubling and as natural non-reductional mciosis products. In both hybrids and amphiploids, meiotic pairing and fertility were studied. Hybrids showed varying degrees of pairing and, in addition to the one involving the ph 1 mutant, one high pairing hybrid was found (Ae. caudata× cv. ‘Capinera’). Cytological examination of microsporogenesis in amphiploids revealed a high frequency of bivalent formation. Fertility proved to be a very variable character since some of the amphiploids were almost completely sterile. The use of amphiploids in breeding programmes is discussed in relation to meiotic and fertility data. 相似文献
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Summary This study was conducted using the isozymes ACP-1, ADH-1, GOT-2, GOT-3, MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2 to: a) compare isozyme banding patterns of tall fescue somaclones with parents and b) correlate tissue culture-induced chromosome abnormalities with variant banding patterns. The 174 somaclones were grouped into seven categories based on their meiotic analyses and time of regeneration from culture. Differences in isozyme frequency between categories compared by chi-square tests were greatest for MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2, and least for ACP-1. The most significant differences in frequency were found between somaclones and parents. In comparisons of somaclone categories, the most different isozyme distributions were between the early vs. late regenerated somaclones. No significant differences in isozyme frequencies were found between all 42-chromosome somaclones vs. aneuploid somaclones and the three somaclone groups (42-normal, 42-abnormal, aneuploid) compared to each other. This study suggests that culture-induced isozyme variation alters the distribution of the isozyme phenotypes, but is not directly correlated with chromosome abnormalities. 相似文献
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Triticum sharonense was hybridized with autotetra-ploid T. speltoides, T. longissimum and T. bicorne. Meiotic analysis of these hybrids showed that T. sharonense is almost equally related to both T. speltoidcs and T. longissimum, while it is comparatively distant from T. bicorne. Therefore, this study does not support treating T. sharonense as a subspeies or variety of T. lottgissimum. 相似文献
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首次利用ph1b,ph2a,ph2b 3个突变体及中国春分别与T.timopheevii进行了杂交,对其杂种F#-1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体配对观察表明,3个基因都能诱导普通小麦与T.timopheevii部分同源或远的同源染色体的配对,其作用顺序是ph1b > ph2a > ph2b。其中ph1b基因可以诱导普通小麦与T.timopheevii G 染色体组间的部分同源染色体配对。在笔者所研究的T.timopheevii 中不存在Ph1(Ph1-like)和Ph2(Ph2-like)基因。由于这3个突变体与T.timopheevii 杂种F#-1用中国春回交都获得了成功,第一次证明了利用ph1b、ph2a从T.timopheevii 中“直接遗传转移”有益基因到普通小麦的可能性。特别利用ph1b基因可以从T.timopheevii 染色体组中“直接遗传转移”有益基因到普通小麦中。 相似文献