中国之鱼类生物技术

本文概述了近年鱼类生物技术在中国之发展．在倍数性育种方面，已获得了至少6种同源多倍体和2种异源多倍体；将诱导雌核发育和人工性逆转技术相结合，建立了一套快速获得鱼类自交系的方法，在核移植方面，获得了核、质分别来源于不同种．属和亚科的移核鱼，并成功地以经短期培养的鲫鱼肾细胞作核供体，获得了1尾移核鱼，从而证明了鱼类体细胞仍具发育全能性。用电场诱导鱼类未受精卵和囊胚细胞间，用微束激光诱导受精卵间的融合，均已获得鱼苗，在基因转移方面，围绕外源基因在鱼类的整合、转录、表达及其生物学效应等方面，进行了一系列的研究。所采用的转基因方法包括显微注射、电穿孔及精子载体法等，在分离有价值鱼类基因方面，已获得了3种生长激素基因，2种肌动蛋白基因，1个泌乳素cDNA和1个抗冻蛋白的cDNA。     

鸡13号染色体比较图谱的改进（完善）

鸡13号染色体(GGA13)与人类5号染色体(HSA5)的一部分构成比较图谱。用GGA13特异性微卫星标记扫瞄Wageningen鸡细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库。所选BAC克隆最终被测序，57个STS位标被用来构建克隆重叠群。在GGAl3上衷情共检测到了204个BAC克隆，这些克隆约20％是重叠的。基因检测采用双向式方法院。首先从已经不定位的鸡BAC亚克隆序列开始，通过BLAST数据库工具，检测人类和小鼠折同源基因。第2步在人在HSA5q23-q35区域寻找与鸡同源的人类基因。接着用荧光原位杂交(FISH)或SNP方法将鸡的同源基因定位。本研究的比较图谱改进之处在于，使GGAl3上定位的基因数从14增加到20；GGAl3染色体定位的基因有人类HSA5q23-q35，小鼠Mull、Mull3、Mul8染色体上的同源基因。     

cDNA Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Rice Sbel and Sbe3 Genes

Two starch-branching enzyme (SBE) in rice, is known to be a key enzyme in amylopectin biosynthesis. The cDNA of two SBE(starch-branching enzyme) genes SheI and Shed encoding SBE Ⅰ and SBE Ⅲ (two major isoforms in rice) were cloned by an improved RT-PCR technique, from a template cDNA libray, derived from the total mRNAs extracted from the immature seeds of a japonica rice Wuyunjing 7. DNA sequence analysis showed that the size of the cloned SheI and Shed cDNAs were 2490 and 2481 bp long, respectively, including their entire coding sequences. Comparison analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of She3 was the same as that of shed (Genbank Accession No. D16201) as reported previously. There were only four base-pairs difference,which resulted in changes of two deduced amino acids between the cloned She1 cDNA and the reported she1 (Genbank Accession No. D11082). The cloned SheI and Shed cDNAs make it possible to improve rice starch quality through genetic engineering.     

种好抗虫棉的8项措施

转BT基因抗虫棉导入新的抗虫基因，强加给棉株以额外的生理消耗，致使种子质量下降，棉苗早期发育慢，幼苗素质差，易早衰，抗病性下降，对缺钾敏感。为了保障良种的优质、丰产潜力与抗虫能力的协同发挥，必须根据其生育特性，制定相应的配套栽培技术。