禽流感病毒A/Afri.Star/Eng-Q/983/79/(H7N1)血凝素基因的全序列分析

对反转录－聚合酶链反应扩增克隆的Ｈ７亚型禽流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）Ａ／Ａｆｒｉ．Ｓｔａｒ／Ｅｎｇ－Ｑ／９８３／７９／（Ｈ７Ｎ１）的血凝素（ＨＡ）基因进行了核苷酸序列分析。结果,克隆的ＨＡ基因共１７０７ｂｐ,包括完整的阅读框架;同源性分析表明该毒株起源于欧亚群系;ＨＡ裂解位点只有一个碱性氨基酸,显示典型的低致病力特征。Ｈ７亚型ＡＩＶＨＡ基因的克隆成功为分子诊断和基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

昆明地区红壤中Be-7分布研究

[目的]红壤中Be-7分布、含量的研究对示踪土壤侵蚀速率有重要意义,可为水土保持与环境保护提供重要的参考。[方法]通过Be-7示踪技术,对昆明地区红壤中不同土地利用类型的Be-7剖面分布及含量进行研究。[结果]Be-7主要分布于0～20 mm范围内,其中0～4、6～12 mm范围内Be-7含量较高。河漫滩、林地、耕地、荒草地等不同土地利用类型的Be-7分布存在一定差异,且不同类型的Be-7剖面分布不同。[结论]Be-7分布可能与土地植被覆盖率、土壤质地与机械组成有关。     

bcr-abl融合基因片段和mIL-7基因双表达载体的构建与表达

利用重组DNA技术构建bcr-ab l融合基因片段和m IL-7基因双表达载体pV bcr-ab l/m IL 7,转染CHO细胞,通过IFA检测bcr-ab l融合基因片段和RT-PCR检测m IL-7基因,以探讨基因的双表达情况。结果表明:成功构建了双表达载体pV bcr-ab l/m IL 7,并检测到bcr-ab l和m IL-7在真核细胞的暂态表达,这为慢性粒细胞白血病bcr-ab l融合基因疫苗的研究提供了新的工具。     

Dietary myo‐inositol requirements of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × A. schrenckii ♂)

This study was conducted to determine the optimal dietary myo‐inositol (MI) requirement of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × A. schrenckii ♂). Fish with an initial average body weight of 28.28 ± 0.41 g were randomly divided into six groups with three repetitions in each group and fed the experimental diets with different graded MI concentrations (70.2, 130.0, 270.2, 443.0, 1,096.6 and 1997.3 mg/kg) three times per day for 12 weeks. The results showed that with the increase in dietary MI level from 70.2 mg/kg to 443.0 mg/kg, weight gain (WG) was increased significantly (p < .05); however, when the MI level was further increased, there was no significant difference in weight gain rate (WG) over time (p > .05). Specific growth rate (SGR) showed a similar trend. The feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerasomatic index (VSI) and condition factor (CF) were not affected by dietary MI supplementation (p > .05). Dietary MI did not affect whole‐body and muscle crude protein and ash content (p > .05), while dietary MI significantly affected the muscle and whole‐body crude lipid and moisture content (p < .05). Moreover, serum triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were decreased by increasing dietary MI levels. Total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver were also affected by the dietary MI (p < .05). In summary, this study indicated that the optimal dietary MI requirement for juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × A. schrenckii ♂) was 335.84 mg/kg and 590.65 mg/kg based on the maximum WG and liver MI accumulation indices respectively.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotics on the growth,activities of digestive and non‐specific immune enzymes in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀)

Effects of Bacillus cereus BC‐01, Lactobacillus acidophilus LAG01, Clostridium butyricum CBG01 and their combinations as supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and serum non‐specific immunity of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂×E. fuscoguttatus ♀) were assessed. Seven different diets, that is one control diet (basal feed without any probiotics, CT) and six treatment diets containing single B. cereus (Bs), L. acidophilus (Ls) and C. butyricum (Cs) at 1.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg feed, and also their combinations in equal proportion at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg feed (BLC1, BLC2 and BLC3) were prepared respectively. After 60‐day feeding trial, the final weight, specific growth rate,food consumption, food conversion efficiency and apparent digestibility coefficient of fish in Ls and BLC3 were significantly higher compared with the control (p < .05). The activities of pepsin and trypsin in the intestine of fish for Ls and BLC3 were significantly higher relative to the control (p < .05). Relative to controls, significantly enhanced amylase and lipase activities in proximal intestine except for Cs and BLC1 and lipase activities in distal intestine except for Cs were observed (p < .05). Meanwhile, activities of superoxide dismutase in the serum of fish for all treatments, lysozyme and catalase in Ls and BLC3, and glutathione peroxidase except for Cs were significantly enhanced (p < .05). Based on the above, dietary supplementation of single L. acidophilus at 1.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg or combination of three strains at 3.0 × 10⁹ cfu/kg for hybrid grouper is recommended.     

7Be在坡面土壤侵蚀中应用的研究进展

7Be是自然界产生的一种放射性核素,半衰期为53.3d,通过干湿沉降到达地表,被土壤颗粒强烈吸附,随土粒的迁移而发生再分布,因此可作为土壤侵蚀的示踪剂。本文就将7Be目前在土壤侵蚀研究中的应用现状做了介绍,并对今后利用7Be示踪土壤侵蚀提出了建议。     

桔黄裸伞提取物对人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)抑制作用的研究

采用台盼蓝法研究了桔黄裸伞的乙醚提取物、乙醇提取物和液体培养的菌丝及培养液的混合物对人乳腺癌细胞（MCF－7）的存活率和对其DNA合成的影响。结果表明：乙醇提取物对MCF－7细胞存活的抑制率达到100％。乙醇提取物和液体培养的菌丝及培养液的混合物对MCF－7细胞的DNA合成有较强的抑制作用，抑制率均达到96％以上。     

T7噬菌体DNA的提取及其反向遗传拯救方法的建立

从T7噬菌体培养液中粗提噬菌体颗粒,经热裂解后用苯酚、氯仿抽提进而获得纯净的T7噬菌体DNA。用PCR、酶切法鉴定T7噬菌体DNA的完整性。通过对不同感受态细菌浓度、T7噬菌体DNA用量、电转化电压条件的优化,建立了T7噬菌体反向遗传拯救方法。结果显示,提取的DNA结构完整,能够被特异性酶切割,多克隆位点序列正确。T7噬菌体的反向遗传拯救方法最优化条件为200 ng T7噬菌体DNA、1 ml 5×109感受态细菌、1.5 kV电转化电压,在此条件下获得的拯救效率为3.5×105 PFU/ng(DNA)。     

Histopathological and aquaporin7 mRNA expression analyzes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of obese db/db mice

The aim of this study is to examine 1) muscle fiber type composition, 2) myofiber diameter, and 3) aquaporin (AQP) 7 and AQP 9 mRNA expressions by quantitative PCR in muscles of obese db/db mice. The myofiber type composition of skeletal muscle was not statistically significantly different between db/db mice and control mice; while the average myofiber diameter ratio showed a decrease in db/db mice. The expression of AQP7 but not AQP9 mRNA in the skeletal and cardiac muscles was significantly upregulated in db/db mice. Thus this study revealed quantitatively that type 2 myofiber atrophy was shown in the skeletal muscles of db/db mice. AQP7 mRNA expression was upregulated in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of db/db mice.     

Exploring novel candidate genes from the Mouse Genome Informatics database: Potential implications for avian migration research

To search for genes associated with migratory phenotypes in songbirds, we selected candidate genes through annotations from the Mouse Genome Informatics database and assembled an extensive candidate‐gene library. Then, we implemented a next‐generation sequencing approach to obtain DNA sequences from the Painted Bunting genome. We focused on those sequences that were conserved across avian species and that aligned with candidate genes in our mouse library. We genotyped short sequence repeats from the following candidate genes: ADRA1d, ANKRD17, CISH and MYH7. We studied the possible correlations between allelic variations occurring in these novel candidate migration genes and avian migratory phenotypes available from the published literature. We found that allele variation at MYH7 correlated with a calculated index of speed of migration (km/day) across 11 species of songbirds. We highlight the potential of the Mouse Genome Informatics database in providing new candidate genes that might play a crucial role in regulating migration in birds and possibly in other taxa. Our research effort shows the benefits and limitations of working with extensive genomic datasets and offers a snapshot of the challenges related to cross‐species validation in behavioral and molecular ecology studies.