陕西富硒与非富硒地区山羊组织硒含量和GPX-7基因表达的比较

为了探讨陕西紫阳县(富硒地区)山羊各组织中微量元素硒的含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶7(Glutathione Peroxidase 7,GPX-7)基因的表达情况,以及组织中的硒沉积量对GPX-7基因表达的影响。利用原子荧光光谱法对年龄相仿、体质量相近的紫阳县双安镇(n=7)和广成镇(n=7)和宝鸡市陈仓区白山羊体内硒含量进行了测定;同时运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)相对定量技术测定GPX-7基因mRNA的相对表达量。紫阳双安镇山羊硒含量显著高于紫阳广成镇(P0.05),同时紫阳县均显著高于宝鸡陈仓区(P0.05);但是紫阳双安镇与紫阳广成镇山羊肺脏中硒含量差异不显著(P0.05)。GPX-7基因在各组织器官中广泛表达,但是不同地区的山羊表现出不同的组织差异性。紫阳双安镇山羊心脏、脾脏、肾周脂肪和背最长肌组织中mRNA水平与紫阳广成镇差异不显著(P0.05),但是紫阳地区均显著高于宝鸡陈仓区(P0.05)。在肺脏、肾脏、股二头肌和淋巴组织中,来自不同地区的山羊GPX-7基因mRNA的表达量地差异均两两显著(P0.05),其中紫阳广成镇山羊肺脏的表达量显著高于其他两个地区(P0.05)。由此可见,山羊各组织器官中微量元素硒的沉积量和GPX-7基因mRNA的表达量表现出较为一致的地域趋势,即紫阳双安镇紫阳广成镇宝鸡陈仓区,这表明微量元素硒上调GPX-7基因的表达,但是具有组织差异性。     

The impact of weight loss on circulating cytokines in Beagle dogs

Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by an increased production of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines that are contributing to insulin resistance and related co-morbidities. Cytokines act in networks and exhibit pleiotropic effects so we investigated the circulating levels of a wide array of cytokines (pro and anti-inflammatory, chemotactic and growth factors) in a canine model of weight loss. The dogs served as their own control in order to study the impact of weight loss independent of potential confounding factors, such as history of excess weight or gender. While low-grade inflammation had been previously investigated in obese dogs by measuring changes in adipokines, acute phase proteins and key pro-inflammatory cytokines, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate how weight loss impacts a wide array of circulating cytokines.Eighteen overweight Beagle dogs were recruited (six spayed females and 12 neutered males), and none of them were grossly obese according to the body condition score (BCS). All the dogs reached an ideal weight by the end of the program. Parameters were assessed before (baseline), at mid-point (month 3) and at end-point (month 6). Plasma GM-CSF, IL-2, Il-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, IFNγ, IP-10, TNFα, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), keratinocyte chemokine (KC) were measured with canine multiplex immunoassays. Fat mass was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA).Several cytokines decreased throughout the weight loss program (p < 0.01) and were correlated with the percentage of fat measured by DEXA (p < 0.05): chemotactic (MCP-1), growth factors (GM-CSF, IL-7 and IL-2), and pro-inflammatory (KC and IL-18). We could not show trends for several cytokines, possibly because their level may be lower than the assay sensitivity: anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10), and pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNFα).In conclusion, while our findings for several pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokines are in accordance with human and rodent studies, we may have identified additional cytokines, such as growth factors, related to obesity-induced low-grade inflammation. Considering the weight loss was enabled by an adjusted diet, the role of this association of cytokines in insulin resistance and related co-morbidities needs to be clarified. Our results could help better understand the cytokine biology in dogs, and as such are relevant for further elucidating the relationship between immune function and metabolism/nutrition.     

法氏囊活性肽BP7调节鸡未成熟B细胞的基因表达谱及功能分析

试验旨在探索法氏囊活性肽BP7调节鸡未成熟B细胞的分子基础.利用BP7刺激禽前B淋巴细胞DT40细胞,采用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测IgM的mRNA水平,并采用基因芯片分析基因表达谱及其生物学功能.结果 显示,BP7刺激的DT40细胞产生IgM的mRNA水平明显升高.基因芯片分析发现,BP7处理的DT40细胞中共有...     

某牛场粪源大肠杆菌0157∶H7的分离鉴定

为了解重庆市某牛场牛群大肠杆菌O157∶H7的感染情况,我们以牛场犊牛为研究对象,采集其新鲜粪便,经LB培养基增菌培养、免疫磁珠富集后,在山梨醇麦康凯琼脂上划线培养,最后PCR扩增eaeA基因目的片段,以此分离鉴定粪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7。结果显示：在所采集的39份犊牛粪便样品中,分离得到一株符合大肠杆菌O157∶H7生长特点且含有eaeA基因的菌株。     

抑制USP7活性对鸡抗沙门菌感染的影响

本研究旨在阐明去泛素酶USP7对雏鸡抵抗鼠伤寒沙门菌感染的影响。选用3日龄的白来航鸡40只,随机分为2组,每组20只,隔天腹腔注射USP7抑制剂P5091或对照溶剂,连续注射5次,待最后一次注射结束后第4天,对雏鸡人工口服感染鼠伤寒沙门菌,感染24 h后,采集样品,RT-qPCR检测IL-1β、IL-8、TNFα以及NF-κB的mRNA表达,平板涂布法检测雏鸡肝载菌量,H&E染色观察肝和肺的炎症状况。结果表明,P5091抑制USP7活性后,转录因子NF-κB mRNA水平显著降低,并且下游细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8以及TNF-α的表达均下调,雏鸡载菌量下降,H&E染色显示肝与肺炎症反应加剧。综上表明,USP7可能在机体抗沙门菌感染方面起重要作用。     

高分辨率熔解曲线分析法检测牦牛脂蛋白脂酶外显子7的多态性及与生长性状相关性分析

脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)是一个分子质量为54 kb的糖蛋白,其活性受营养因素、激素水平等调节,因牦牛生存环境的特殊性,试验拟从分子水平研究天峻县牦牛脂蛋白脂酶外显子7(LPL-Exon7)基因的多态性,并与生长发育性状进行关联分析,从而为牦牛营养调控、品种资源保护和遗传育种提供科学理论依据。试验采集青海省海西州天峻县牦牛抗凝血106份,提取血样DNA,并利用PCR技术和高分辨率熔解曲线分析法对候选基因LPL-Exon7进行多态性分析,并于采血的同时对牦牛体重、体斜长、体高、胸围和管围等生长性状指标进行了相关性和遗传效应分析。结果表明,高原牦牛LPL-Exon7基因在高原牦牛和野血牦牛中都表现为多态,存在3种基因型,即AA、AB和BB,由1对等位基因A和B控制,A等位基因均为优势等位基因。经χ²检验,符合哈迪—温伯格(Hardy-Weinberg)定律,处于平衡状态(P>0.05)。该位点在高原牦牛和野血牦牛群体中公、母牦牛的多态信息含量为0.3588和0.2103、0.3219和0.3343,高原牦牛母牛的多态信息含量PIC<0.25,处于低度多态,高原牦牛公牛和野血牦牛公、母牛的多态信息含量均在0.250.05)。因此,初步推断牦牛LPL-Exon7可以作为牦牛标记辅助选择的遗传标记之一。     

除臭微生物7NC培养基和培养条件的优化

针对除臭微生物7NC的应用,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法对菌株7NC进行了培养基以及培养基组分的筛选。结果表明,7NC较理想的培养基为营养肉汤培养基:蛋白胨10 g/L,氯化钠8 g/L,葡萄糖1 g/L,PH 7.5,酵母粉3 g/L,最适条件为温度37℃,摇床培养(130 r/min),接种量为3%。试验结果为7NC的大规模生产提供了参数,提高了产量。     

Effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids and rumen-protected methionine on plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7 to 36) amide and pancreatic hormones in lactating cows

Our objective was to determine the effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CLFAs) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7 to 36) amide, and pancreatic hormones in lactating cows. Four Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 by 4 Latin square experiment in each 2-wk period. Cows were fed corn silage-based diets with supplements of CLFAs (1.5% added on dry matter basis), RPM (20 g/d), CLFAs plus RPM, and without supplement. Jugular blood samples were taken from 1 h before to 2 h after morning feeding at 10-min intervals on day 12 of each period. CLFAs decreased dry matter intake, but RPM did not affect dry matter intake. Both supplements of CLFAs and RPM did not affect metabolizable energy intake and milk yield and composition. Plasma concentrations of NEFAs, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-Cho) were increased with CLFAs alone, but increases of plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho were moderated by CLFAs plus RPM. Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids increased plasma ghrelin concentration, and the ghrelin concentration with CLFAs plus RPM was the highest among the treatments. Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, and insulin were decreased with CLFAs, whereas adding RPM moderated the decrease of plasma glucagon concentration by CLFAs. These results indicate that the addition of methionine to cows given CLFAs increases plasma concentrations of ghrelin and glucagon associated with the decrease in plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho.     

SLC7A11基因与动物色素的形成

黑色素广泛分布于微生物、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的生理功能。SLC7A11基因是新近发现的功能新基因控制脱黑色素合成从而影响到真黑色素与总黑色素的比例,进而改变了动物的毛色和肤色。综述了黑色素的形成过程,并详细分析总结了SLC7A11基因特征及其变异对动物肤色的影响,为研究乌骨绵羊和乌骨鸡乌质性状形成的分子基础提供依据。