大豆磷脂产品生产工艺及产品现状分析

文章综述了大豆浓缩磷脂的生产工艺及大豆粉末磷脂、磷脂酰胆碱、羟基化磷脂的研究现状,从而为大豆磷脂产品的生产工艺创新和进一步研究提供依据。     

红叶李大枝扦插试验

在大通植物园进行红叶李大枝扦插试验,结果表明红叶李扦插成活率高,沙壤土扦插和地膜覆盖可提高扦插苗的高、地径生长量和扦插成活率,扦插生根率达85％,成活率达80％。     

碳纳米管改性的蜡基复合粘结剂

通过熔融共混将功能化的碳纳米管引入到蜡基粘结剂中,得到碳纳米管改性的复合粘结剂.扫描电镜（SEM）显微照片显示,功能化的碳纳米管能均匀分散在粘结剂基体中.偏光显微照片和热性能分析结果表明,碳纳米管的加入能有效地提高粘结剂的结晶度和热稳定性,进而改善生坯在脱脂时的保形性.碳纳米管与粘结剂的非共价键结合有助于碳纳米管的均匀分散,更可能有利于复合材料成型后的脱脂.     

纯镁粉末坯往复挤-镦的数值模拟及实验研究

采用DEFORM-2D有限元软件对纯镁粉末多道次往复挤-镦块体机械冶金过程进行有限元模拟,分析了往复挤-镦过程中的流场、应力场及应变场等相关场量变化规律.模拟结果表明：挤压段材料纵向流动,镦粗段材料横向流动,流速和流向的不一致形成强烈的交替剪切效应,且试样的主变形区域处于三向压应力状态.试样的等效应变呈不均匀分布,但应变的均匀性随着往复挤-镦道次的增加而有所改善.3道次往复挤-镦实验结果表明：试样产生显著的条带状组织,主变形区强烈的剪切力将原镁粉表面的氧化物和其内部的孔隙破碎,形成强烈的致密效应,相对密度接近0.98,组织上达到了良好的冶金结合.     

蚕豆粉微波膨化的研究

在单因素试验的基础上,设计了微波功率、微波时间、糯米粉添加量及水分添加量的4因素L9(3)4正交试验,研究了微波对蚕豆粉膨化度及感官品质的影响.结果表明:利用微波膨化的蚕豆粉,整体呈灰白色,最高膨化率可达94%;入口酥脆,不顶牙,无腥味.正交试验最佳的工艺组合为:微波功率900 W,微波时间165s,糯米粉含量50%,水分添加量60%.水分添加量和糯米粉含量对蚕豆粉膨化度影响极显著,其中糯米粉可以改善蚕豆粉的膨化效果,而水分对膨化蚕豆粉的口感至关重要.     

荔枝原浆喷雾干燥配方优化研究

以荔枝全果制得的原浆为原料,研究荔枝原浆喷雾加工果粉的助干剂配比并分析加工制得的荔枝果粉各项性能。通过添加一定比例的助干剂（麦芽糊精、β-环状糊精、阿拉伯胶）在进风温度220℃,出风温度90℃、进料转速10 r/min 的工艺条件下进行喷雾干燥,并以得率、色泽、多酚含量、含水率作为考察指标,优选助干剂配比。结果表明,25%麦芽糊精、13：1 β-环状糊精（麦芽糊精：β-环状糊精）、0.5%阿拉伯胶与73.03%荔枝原浆混合经喷雾干燥制得的果粉各项指标均优于其他配比。     

辣木叶粉在鱼饲料中的应用研究

[目的]辣木是一种尚未充分开发利用的树种。辣木绿色物质部分产量高,营养丰富,开发其资源可弥补传统蛋白质饲料源的短缺。探讨以辣木叶粉作为配方主要蛋白质原料之一和组成全价颗粒鱼饲料配方的可行性。[方法]以15%的辣木叶粉替代8.7%的次粉和6.3%的菜籽粕构成全价颗粒饲料配方,研究辣木叶粉对鱼生长和饲料利用的影响。[结果]试验组罗非鱼平均鱼体终重和平均增重均比对照组明显提高,而饲料系数则比对照组显著降低。试验组鱼存活率比对照组略低。[结论]该研究可为水产动物营养研究和进一步研制高效、廉价的温水性鱼人工配合饲料提供基础资料。     

全脂奶粉的脂肪氧化动力学研究

[目的]研究全脂奶粉在不同贮存温度下的脂肪氧化行为。[方法]选用硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA值)为评价指标,考察了温度和时间对全脂奶粉脂肪氧化的影响,并分别对脂肪氧化程度和脂肪氧化速率进行了动力学分析。[结果]当保存温度在30～40℃时,脂肪氧化随时间的变化符合一级反应动力学;当温度为50℃时,脂肪氧化随时间的变化同时符合一级和零级反应动力学,但是零级反应动力学更准确。全脂奶粉脂肪氧化一级反应动力学的活化能Ea为29.81 kJ/mol。[结论]利用脂肪氧化速率随温度变化的动力学模型,可以预测30～50℃任意温度下的全脂奶粉脂肪氧化速率常数。     

A note on the effect of adding sea urchin shell powder in diet on growth performance in chicken and litter quality

Abstract

A small pen trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with sea urchin shell powder on the broiler performance and ammonia emissions in poultry houses for 28 days. A total of 120 male broilers (n = 30 birds/treatment) were fed four diets supplemented with 0%, 0.1%, and 1.0% sea urchin shell powder or 1% feed additives. The use of sea urchin shell powder and feed additives improved growth performance compared to the controls. When compared with the control group at four weeks, ammonia fluxes were decreased by 29.2%, 37.6%, and 27.9% for 0.1% and 1.0% sea urchin shell powder and 1% feed additives, respectively, which could be due to the reduced litter pH. The addition of 1% sea urchin shell powder was effective in improving growth and reducing negative environmental impacts. It is suggested that the decrease in the ammonia level was mainly related to the lower litter pH.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented garlic powder on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,blood characteristics and faecal microbial concentration in weanling pigs

A total of 144 weanling pigs (5.5 ± 0.42 kg) were used in a 5‐week trial to evaluate the effect of fermented garlic powder (FGP) supplementation in weaning pigs. Pigs were randomly allocated to the following four dietary treatments: (i) control (CON; basal diet), (ii) FGP0.5 (CON + 0.5 g/kg FGP), (iii) FGP1 (CON + 1 g/kg FGP), (iv) FGP2 (CON + 2 g/kg FGP). There were six replications with six pigs (three barrows and three gilts) per pen. Pigs fed FGP0.5 treatments increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during 3–5 and 0–5 week. No difference was observed on gain/ feed (G/F) ratio in this study. The inclusion of FGP1 and FGP2 treatments increased DM (p < 0.05) digestibility compared with the CON treatment throughout the experiment. The apparent total tract digestibility of N was (p < 0.05) increased by the dietary FGP throughout the experiment. Pigs fed FGP1 and FGP2 treatments increased the lymphocyte concentration (p < 0.05) and RBC concentration compared with the CON group. Dietary FGP decreased the blood total cholesterol (p < 0.05) in comparison with the CON group. The triglyceride (p < 0.05) concentration was decreased in FGP1 and FGP2 treatments compared with those in the CON treatment at the end of the experiment. Pigs fed FGP1 and FGP2 treatments had a lower number of Escherichia coli in faeces on 21 (p < 0.05) and 35 days (p = 0.05) than those in the CON treatment. In conclusion, dietary fermented garlic powder (0.5 g/kg) can improve ADG and ADFI in weanling pigs, but not at higher levels (1 and 2 g/kg). Dietary fermented garlic powder can also increase the nutrient digestibility, lymphocytes and RBC concentrations, but decrease the faecal E. coli concentration in weaning pigs.