复方磷霉素钙水溶性粉处方优化实验

为了优选磷霉素钙复方制剂,采用体外药物最小抑菌浓度测定法,测定了磷霉素钙与甲氧啶(TMP)、丁胺卡那霉素、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟钠、多西环素、氟甲砜霉素联合使用对大肠杆菌作用的协同指数.结果表明磷霉素钙与TMP的协同关系最好,协同指数为0.281,制剂中磷霉素钙与TMP的含量分别为5%和1%为最佳.     

饵料对稚幼参生长变色的影响

报告了藻粉,浮泥,人工配合饵料,混合饵料对稚幼长岛县牝一海水育苗场变色的影响。经３个胸月的投喂试验。结果：人工配合饵料组稚幼参体长,体重增长较快,纯藻粉组,浮泥组投喂效果都较差。藻粉中添加部分“海丰”牌饲料预混剂和３０％的浮泥,对稚参有明显的助长作用,日均增长,增重是纯藻粉组的２倍以上,且明显快于人工配合饵料组。     

稚蚕人工饲料中桑绿枝粉的添加效果及加工特点

在家蚕稚蚕人工饲料中分别添加 15 %的桑绿枝粉、冬桑条粉、桑皮粉等 ,并与豆腐渣、市售纤维素粉末等进行了对照试验 ,结果以添加桑绿枝粉的稚蚕人工饲料各项成绩最为理想 ,稚蚕对其有良好的摄食性 ,从而为研制稚蚕低成本人工饲料开辟了新的原料来源     

近红外反射光谱(NIRS)技术分析奶粉品质的研究

奶粉中蛋白质和脂肪是影响奶粉营养品质的主要因素,利用近红外反射光谱分析技术对来自国内不同地区的奶粉共900份样品进行蛋白质和脂肪成分测定分析。研究了不同的样品数日、光谱预处理和散射校正技术对发展奶粉近红外测定定标模型的影响。结果表明．在样品数目为200—400范围内建立的定标分析模型较理想;数学预处理中以一阶导数较好,且以“1,4,4,1”的处理组合最为理想;光谱散射校正中采用“标准正态变量转换(SNV) 趋势变换法(De—trending)”的组合建立回归方程效果较好。利用改进最小二乘法回归技术(Modified PLS)建立多种定标模型,并进行交叉验证(cross—Validation)来分析各种因素对定标模型的影响。同时筛选出较理想的蛋白质和脂肪定标分析回归方程,其中蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关系数高速0．973和0．850。探讨了NIRS技术在建模应用中的一些影响因素,以及由NIRS技术建立奶粉分析模型用于快速分析和在线检测的可行性。     

圆叶决明种子粉对肉鸡血脂指标的影响

研究了圆叶决明种子粉对艾维茵（AA）肉鸡血脂指标的影响，并初步探讨了其机理。选取8周龄健康AA鸡240羽，采用单因子试验设计，随机分为2组，每组3次重复，每次重复40羽，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组日粮为基础日粮添加3g／羽圆叶决明种子粉（120目），试验期30天。观测圆叶决明种子粉对AA鸡生产性能、脂肪沉积指标、血脂指标、转氨酶活性的影响。结果表明：①在肉鸡生产性能方面，对照组和试验组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）；②圆叶决明种子粉具有显著降低脂肪沉积的作用；③圆叶决明种子粉能明显降低肉鸡血清总胆固醇（TCHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度酯蛋白含量（LDL—C）（P〈0．05），显著升高血清高密度酯蛋白（HDL—C）含量（P〈0．05）；④通过对肉鸡谷丙转氨酶（AST）、谷草转氨酶（ALT）活性的检测，表明饲喂圆叶决明种子粉对肉鸡肝脏没有损伤作用。     

Effect of Supplementing Alfalfa Powder to Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Goose

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study.     

薄皮核桃新品种‘绿岭’

 ‘绿岭’是早实薄皮核桃新品种, 从‘香玲’核桃中选出。与‘香玲’相比, 具有壳薄、果个大、出仁率高、果形美观、稍晚熟(比香玲成熟期晚3～5 d) 等特点。     

贮藏条件对脱脂乳粉非酶褐变的影响研究

对脱脂乳粉在不同贮藏条件下（温度、水分活度、贮藏时间）的非酶褐变进行了实验研究，同时对贮藏温度T与脱脂乳粉玻璃化转变温度Tg的差值（T—T曲与非酶褐变指数之间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：在较低的（T—T曲时脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数较小，但随着（T—T曲的增加，非酶褐变指数会迅速增加。随着贮藏温度的升高及水分活度的增加，脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数增大。贮藏时间对脱脂乳粉的影响很快会趋于平缓。     

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells in the brain from epileptic rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and apoptosis of nerve cells in rats with epilepsy established by pentetrazole. METHODS: The sub-eclampsia dosage of pentetrazole (PTZ) was used to make epilepsy model. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was given from stomach. The enduring time and latent period were recorded. The immune reactivity of IGF-1, NF-κB/P65 and apoptosis of nerve cells were measured with immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL method. RESULTS: In high power sight (×400), there were much more apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of model group (18.80±2.13, 16.87±2.00) than those in control group (0.97±0.52, 0.58±0.25). The expressions of IGF-1, NF-κB in model group were higher than those in control group. Compared with model group, the latent period of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group at the 17th, 21th, 25th days were longer (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively).There were less apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group (12.30±2.46, 10.48±1.33) than those in model group. The expression of NF-κB/P65 in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was lower than that in model group, but the immune reactivity of IGF-1 increased more distinctly in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group than that in model group. CONCLUSION: IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells may have play a role in occurrence and development of PTZ-induced epilepsy. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder can suppress expression of NF-κB strongly, and facilitate the immune reactivity of IGF-1, which may be one of the mechanisms by which Ganoderma lucidum spores powder restrains the apoptosis of nerve cells caused by epilepsy to prevent the damages of nerve cells.     

醋糟代替棉籽壳栽培平菇的研究

本文从试验中得出,以醋渣全部或部分取代棉籽壳栽培平菇的配料技术和适宜的平菇菌种。