Current status of insecticide resistance in Q biotype Bemisia tabaci populations from Crete

BACKGROUND: A major problem of crop protection in Crete, Greece, is the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with chemical insecticides owing to the rapid development of resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the establishment of resistance and the underlying mechanisms to major insecticide classes with classical bioassays and known biochemical resistance markers. RESULTS: During a 2005–2007 survey, 53 Q biotype populations were collected. Application history records showed extensive use of neonicotinoids, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. High resistance levels were identified in the majority of populations (>80%) for imidacloprid (RF: 38–1958×) and α‐cypermethrin (RF: 30–600×). Low resistance levels (RF < 12) were observed for pirimiphos‐methyl. A strong correlation between resistance to imidacloprid and the number of applications with neonicotinoids was observed. Significant correlations were observed between COE and P450‐dependent monoxygenase activity with resistance to α‐cypermethrin and imidacloprid respectively. A propoxur‐based AChE diagnostic test indicated that iAChE was widespread in most populations. Resistance levels for α‐cypermethrin were increased when compared with a previous survey (2002–2003). Differentiation of LC₅₀ values between localities was observed for imidacloprid only. CONCLUSION: Bemisia tabaci resistance evolved differently in each of the three insecticides studied. Imidacloprid resistance seems less established and less persistent than α‐cypermethrin resistance. The low resistance levels for pirimiphos‐methyl suggest absence of cross‐resistance with other organophosphates or carbamates used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

二元杀虫剂混配比例与共毒系数的关系

在二元杀虫剂混配中，共毒系数与某种农药在混剂中所占的比例关系是一条曲线。这个公式初步推断为ｙ＝ａｘ２＋ｂｘ＋ｃ。     

几种杀虫剂对方翅网蝽的田间药效试验

将高效氯氰菊酯以300和450mL/hm2、阿维菌素以600和900mL/hm2和噻虫嗪以150和300g/hm2均匀喷雾,防治越冬方翅网蝽,结果表明:施药后24h后,高效氯氰菊酯平均防治效果达99.51%;噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂的平均防治效果在98.10%;阿维菌素乳油平均防治效果为71.81%。说明这3种杀虫剂对越冬方翅网蝽均有较好防治效果。     

Resistance monitoring in codling moth: a need for standardization

BACKGROUND: A wide range of methods has been used for monitoring resistance in Cydia pomonella L. However, the results from specific tests are not always concordant and they generate doubts over the extent to which the data represent the field situation. Therefore, the variability in the expression of resistance mechanisms and in resistance ratios between developmental stages and their reliability in a field situation were studied. RESULTS: Neonate larvae showed the highest insecticide resistance, except to spinosad. Resistance ratios were from 2 to 9.5, depending on the insecticide and the strain tested, when compared with the susceptible strain. Spinosad exhibited the highest resistance ratio for diapausing larvae (4.4, 12.2 and 4.4 for Raz, Rdfb and RΔ strains, respectively). Enzymatic ratios were higher in adults than in neonates or diapausing larvae, and the highest enzymatic ratios were observed for mixed‐function oxidases (7.3–36.7 for adults of resistant strains). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of different instars depends on the insecticides used, and there is a differential expression of resistance mechanisms between stages. For the population considered in this study, tests on neonates provided the most consistent results to the field situation, but adult response to chlorpyrifos‐ethyl and azinphos‐methyl in the laboratory was also consistent with the field results. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Monitoring neonicotinoid resistance in biotype B of Bemisia tabaci in Florida

BACKGROUND: Biotype B of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), is a worldwide pest that has developed resistance to many insecticides, including the neonicotinoid class. Florida field populations were monitored for susceptibility to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam using a cut leaf petiole bioassay method. RESULTS: Average RR₅₀ values for imidacloprid increased from 3.7 in 2000 to 12.0 in 2003; decreased to 5.0 and 2.5 in 2004 and 2005, respectively; and then increased to 26.3 and 23.9 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Populations with RR₅₀ values of about 50 to 60 during generation one reverted to RR₅₀ values of ?4 in six generations, when reared without further exposure to imidacloprid. Average RR₅₀ values for thiamethoxam increased from 2.0 in 2003 to 24.7 in 2006 and decreased to 10.4 in 2007. Populations with RR₅₀ values of about 22, 32 and 53 during generation one declined to 8, 5 and 6, respectively, after being reared for five generations without exposure to thiamethoxam. The correlation coefficient from the 26 populations that were bioassayed both with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam showed a significant positive correlation (R² = 0.58) between these populations. CONCLUSION: The high level of RR₅₀ values to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam suggest an unstable decline in the susceptibility of B. tabaci to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, with possible cross‐resistance or predisposition for dual resistance selection. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

5种杀虫剂的烟青虫防治效果研究

５种杀虫剂对烟青虫的毒力试验表明：质量分数为８０％～８３％的高效氯氰菊酯和８６．７％的氰戊菊酯分别稀释２０００和１０００倍对烟青虫的防治效果较好,ＬＧ５０分别为０．０３２２ｕｇ．头＾－１和０．０５８２ｕｇ．头＾－１,久效磷和乙酰甲胺磷稀释１０００倍的效果次之,吡虫啉效果最差。     

棉红铃虫对有机磷杀虫剂的抗药性

以湖北省３个不同用药水平的棉区棉红铃虫初孵幼虫为试虫、采用滤纸药膜法对４种有机磷杀虫剂进行了抗药性初步研究,建立了４种药剂的相对敏感毒力基线。对３个地方种群进行抗药性监测发现：江陵种群对四胺磷、久效磷已出现低水平至中等水平抗性,对丙溴磷和对硫磷暂处敏感性变动 阶段;鄂州种群对４种有机磷杀虫剂处基本敏感水平;只有武昌种群最为敏感。以相对敏感基线的ＬＣ９９值检测３个地方种群的实际死亡率,结果与理论率的     

几种药剂对天敌瓢虫的安全性测定

为了确保天敌的生态调控作用,现将棉田常用的几种药剂对瓢虫进行安全性测定,结果表明,25%阿克泰水溶剂、3%金世纪乳油、30%松脂酸钠乳油、35%赛丹乳油、70%艾美乐水分散粒剂、0.3%蚜螨敌乳油、Bt悬浮剂对瓢虫有较高的安全性,在生产中有推广应用价值。