木毒蛾核多角体病毒（LxNPV）杀虫剂：Ⅱ.制剂的研制

通过室人工饲毒养虫并结合林间防治木毒蛾，回收病死虫尸，获取毒源，添加各种辅助剂，配制成９０１－１可湿性粉剂和９０１－２乳剂，进行林间大面积防治木毒蛾试验，１０天防治效果达８０％以上。实验表明，丙酮－乳糖共沉法回木毒蛾核多角体病毒，回收率可达８０．１７％。     

Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance

Vector-borne diseases are a global problem--a trend that may only increase if global temperature rises and demographic trends continue--and their economic and social impact are enormous. Insecticides play a vital role in the fight against these diseases by controlling the vectors themselves in order to improve public health; however, resistance to commonly used insecticides is on the rise. This perspective outlines the major classes of disease vector control agents and the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved, arguing that effective resistance management strategies must carefully monitor resistance in field populations and use combinations of the limited modes of action available to best effect. Moreover, the development of novel insecticide classes for control of adult mosquitoes and other vectors becomes increasingly important.     

基于 PSR 模型的生态脆弱区山南市土地生态安全评价

【目的】研究呋虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯 3 种药剂在广西区域控制番茄烟粉虱的效果及其施用 方法,为广西番茄烟粉虱的防治提供参考。【方法】在露地和温室比较呋虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯 3 种药剂 通过喷雾和灌根施药对番茄烟粉虱种群的控制作用。【结果】在露地番茄试验中,药后 3~21 d 不同处理间烟粉 虱成、若虫虫口密度无显著差异,均低于 0.53 头 / 叶;而药后 42 d,溴氰虫酰胺喷雾处理烟粉虱成虫虫口密度为 0.63 头 / 叶,显著低于空白对照的 1.41 头 / 叶。药后 28~42 d,不同处理间烟粉虱若虫虫口密度存在显著差异;呋 虫胺、溴氰虫酰胺、螺虫乙酯喷雾及溴氰虫酰胺 3 倍药量灌根处理烟粉虱若虫虫口密度均低于 0.31 头 / 叶。在大 棚温室内,使用溴氰虫酰胺或螺虫乙酯喷雾后 28、42 d 成虫和若虫的虫口密度均显著低于空白对照,其药后 28 d 若虫虫口密度分别为 0.33、0 头 / 叶,而空白对照若虫虫口密度达 2.85 头 / 叶。【结论】溴氰虫酰胺对烟粉虱种 群有较好且稳定的控制作用,呋虫胺在露地番茄上喷雾处理对烟粉虱表现出较好的防治效果,而螺虫乙酯在大棚 温室喷雾处理对番茄烟粉虱防治表现出较好的长效作用。在相同剂量下,溴氰虫酰胺和螺虫乙酯采用喷雾施药对 番茄烟粉虱种群的控制比灌根施药效果好;加大溴氰虫酰胺灌根药量可提高其对番茄烟粉虱种群的控制效果。     

Assessment of the combination of spinosad and milbemycin oxime in preventing the development of canine Angiostrongylus vasorum infections

Angiostrongylus vasorum is an increasingly reported parasite in Europe that develops in dogs after ingestion of infective third stage larvae (L3) that reside in gastropod molluscs which are needed to complete the parasite's life-cycle. Infection can produce a diversity of clinical signs, determined by involvement of the respiratory, neurological, and/or coagulation system, with a likely fatal outcome in the absence of treatment. Few drugs have been shown to reliably prevent infection, and data on treatment of infections is limited. A controlled, randomized, partially blinded laboratory study was therefore executed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination tablet of spinosad/milbemycin oxime in dogs inoculated with approximately 250 A. vasorum L3. Sixteen healthy nematode free adult dogs were randomly allocated to two study groups of 8 dogs each. Thirty days post inoculation (dpi) all dogs in the fed state were treated: dogs in group B were treated with spinosad and milbemycin oxime at the dose rates of 45–60 mg/kg and 0.75–1.0 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively, approximately the lower half portion of the expected full unit dose range; dogs in group A were treated with placebo tablets. All dogs were euthanized and necropsied 56–58 dpi. The heart and lungs were examined to determine the presence of A. vasorum. All placebo group dogs were infected at necropsy with counts ranging from 22 to 98 adult worms and a geometric mean worm count of 55.2. In contrast, the geometric mean worm count in the spinosad/milbemycin oxime group was 0.7 with worm numbers ranging from 0 to 8. The results of this study demonstrate that a single treatment with the tablet combination of spinosad and milbemycin oxime administered 30 dpi provided 98.8% preventive efficacy against development of adult A. vasorum infections. Monthly treatments with spinosad and milbemycin oxime have the potential to prevent the establishment of infections with A. vasorum in dogs.     

防治秋枫灰同缘小叶蝉的药剂筛选

指出了灰同缘小叶蝉是秋枫的重要害虫,利用8种农药室内药效试验显示:30%氯胺磷乳油3000倍液和20%叶蝉散乳油3000倍液对灰同缘小叶蝉成虫和若虫的杀虫效果均达100%,3%啶虫脒乳油、40%乐果乳油、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油和10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂1000倍液对老熟若虫的杀虫率分别为95.4%、90.8%、81.6%和74.6%;而1.8%阿维菌素乳油和0.5%甲维盐微乳剂3000倍液的杀虫效果较差。     

不同杀虫处理及播种时期对蒙古栎种子出苗率的影响研究

采用热水杀虫和药剂熏蒸2种不同种子处理方式,及采用随采随播、上冻前播种、层积沙藏后翌年春天播种3种播种方式来研究其对蒙古栎种子出苗率的影响。结果表明不同杀虫处理、播种方式对蒙古栎出苗率的影响有显著差异,种子经过敌敌畏药熏处理后当年9月随采随播出苗率最好,出苗率达87%。     

Comparing the Impact of a Neonicotinoid and Biorational Agroneem on Herbivorous and Beneficial Arthropods on Cowpea and Tomato

Cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） and tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum L. Karst） are attacked by a wide range of insect pests worldwide. In many cases, pesticides are used to control the pests. In 2010 and 2011, we conducted field experiments to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a biorational （Agroneem~） and conventional pesticide （imidacloprid or thiamethoxam） on insect pests of these crops. In the first year, two varieties of cowpea （Mississippi Silver and Pinkeye Purple Hull） and two of tomato （Mariana and German Johnson） were used; in the second year, the better performing of each group （Mississippi Silver and Mariana） were used for the study. A split-plot design with four replications in Year 1, and a randomized complete block design with six treatment combinations in Year 2. In the first year, both pesticide groups were applied following manufacturer＇s recommendation （10-14 d cycles）; and in the second year, the application of the pesticides was driven by economic thresholds level （ETL） of insect pests. The most prevalent species of insects recorded in both crops were in the families： Chrysomelidae, Pentatomidae, Cicadellidae, Vespidae, Sarcophagidae, Thripidae and Sphingidae. In both years, the diversity of insects on cowpea was greater than on tomato and more insects were observed in the second year compared to the first, despite the absence of significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between varieties in the treated plots. The yield of cowpea and tomato was comparable in all sprayed plots.     

甘肃河西走廊甜菜象虫种类分布及防治

据1986～1989年调查,甘肃河西走廊为害甜菜的象虫种类有:甜菜象、甜菜毛足象、甜菜碗额象等19种。其中以甜菜象、甜菜毛足象为优势种。药剂处理种子防治象虫试验结果表明:35％甲基硫环磷乳油、种子、水以2.2～3.0∶100∶100配方防治效果较佳,毒苗杀虫率达90.0％～92.0％,且残效期长,田间保苗率达83.5％～92.5％,挽回根产量损失29.7％～39.1％。     

几种杀虫剂对南瓜实蝇蛹的毒力测定

在室内条件下采用浸渍法,分别测定了12种杀虫剂对南瓜实蝇蛹的毒力和二元混剂的共毒系数。供试杀虫剂对南瓜实蝇蛹的毒性大小依次为:毒死蜱>喹硫磷>氯唑磷>甲基异硫磷>辛硫磷>敌敌畏。高效氯氟氰菊酯、阿维菌素、敌百虫、丁硫克百威、噻虫嗪、高效氯氰菊酯对南瓜实蝇蛹的药效较差。敌百虫和辛硫磷(1:9)对南瓜实蝇蛹的LC50为96.2879mg/L,辛硫磷和毒死蜱(9:1)的共毒系数为590.77。     

Effectiveness of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton

BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton. RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to ～2 months. CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to ～2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry