夏季高温环境下3个矾根品种的光合特性比较

在夏季高温环境中对3个矾根(Heuchera)品种进行光合特性研究。结果表明:3个矾根品种对强光利用能力较强,大小排序为:‘巴黎’（‘Paris’)＞‘好莱坞’（‘Hollywood’)＞‘草莓漩涡’（‘Strawberry+Swirls’);在3个矾根品种中,具有明显的光合“午休”现象,’巴黎’具有最高的净光合速率（P_n）;3个品种的水分利用率(WUE)在上午较高,于11:00后WUE维持在较低水平,其大小排序为:‘巴黎’（1.13 mmol·mol^-1）＞‘草莓漩涡’（0.93 mmol·mol^-1）＞‘好莱坞’（0.62 mmol·mol^-1）;蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）与P_n呈现相似的双峰曲线变化,胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）则与P_n相反。相关性分析表明,植物光合作用与其生理环境因子存在着复杂的相互关系。     

土壤淹水条件下香附子光响应过程的模型比较

利用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型和直角双曲线修正模型对三峡库区消落带土壤淹水条件下香附子光响应过程的测量数据进行了重新拟合,分析了不同光响应模型对香附子的适用性及香附子主要光响应参数对土壤淹水的适应规律。结果表明,非直角双曲线模型对常规水分管理组（CK）香附子植株光响应过程的拟合效果要优于直角双曲线模型和直角双曲线修正模型,而直角双曲线修正模型对淹水组（T1）香附子植株光合响应过程的拟合效果要优于其他2种模型。光响应参数的拟合效果则表现为:非直角双曲线模型对LCP和R_d的拟合效果最佳,直角双曲线修正模型对LSP和P_nmax的拟合效果最佳,而直角双曲线模型对这些光响应参数的拟合效果最差。受水淹影响,香附子的光合能力以及光适应能力减弱,出现了不同程度的光抑制现象,水淹90 d后,T1处理香附子植株叶片LCP和R_d分别比对照增加了56.9%和43.1%,而叶片LSP和P_nmax分别比对照降低了52.3%和 47.4%。     

Work-related increases in titer of Campylobacter jejuni antibody among workers at a chicken processing plant in Miyazaki prefecture,Japan, independent of individual ingestion of edible raw chicken meat

Workers in poultry abattoirs may be frequently exposed to Campylobacter jejuni, which is a leading cause of bacterial food poisoning in Japan. The present study was conducted to measure the titers of IgG and IgA antibodies against C. jejuni among 104 female workers in a chicken processing plant in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. Information regarding habitual ingestion of raw chicken meat and potential occupational risk factors was collected using a questionnaire. Acid extracts of four C. jejuni strains representing the genotypes most dominant in Miyazaki were used as antigens. The levels of both immunoglobulins measured by ELISA were not correlated with ingestion of edible raw chicken meat, the amount consumed in one sitting, or its frequency. Although age was correlated with antibody levels, the length of employment was not. Furthermore, the IgG and IgA levels in workers at the evisceration step were significantly higher than those at other locations in the plant. To identify the bacterial proteins recognized by the workers’ IgG and IgA antibodies, Western blotting followed by LC/MS was conducted. Flagellin was identified as the common protein recognized in the sera of workers for whom ELISA demonstrated both the highest and lowest antibody levels. We concluded that the titers of IgG and IgA against C. jejuni in workers at the processing plant had been increased by occupational exposure to Campylobacter, regardless of raw chicken meat ingestion.     

除草剂对不同耐寒性水稻幼苗的氧化胁迫效应

通过分析比较百草枯和丙酯草醚处理以及零上低温处理对水稻幼苗的生长、膜脂过氧化及抗氧化剂水平的效应,研究了新型除草剂丙酯草醚对不同耐寒性水稻品种（耐寒性品种圣稻13和冷敏感性品种IR50）的氧化胁迫特征。100 nmol/L丙酯草醚处理显著抑制圣稻13和IR50幼苗的生长,但50 nmol/L百草枯仅对IR50幼苗生长有显著抑制。百草枯处理使2个水稻品种的丙二醛（MDA）有大幅度的提升,这与百草枯通过产生氧自由基的杀草机理相符,而圣稻13对百草枯一定程度的抗性可能与其谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸的上升响应有关。丙酯草醚处理虽然引起圣稻13中MDA的上升,但对IR50的MDA含量没有显著影响,表明丙酯草醚处理对圣稻13造成了氧化胁迫伤害,而对IR50的生长抑制可能与氧化胁迫没有密切关系。     

气候变化对我国刺槐、紫丁香始花期的影响

该文探讨了1963—1988年间北京地区刺槐、紫丁香始花期对气温、日照及降水变化的响应以及我国不同地区这两种树木始花期与不同时段气温变化之间的相关关系.结果显示,临近始花期,气温对始花期早晚的影响最显著,日照次之,降水量最弱.气温升高、日照时数增加,始花期提前;而降水量增加,始花期推迟.气温对始花期产生影响的时段主要集中在春季及冬末,影响最显著的时段是始花前2～8旬,即从2月上旬到始花日期之间的时段.春季气温越高,始花期越早,而上年夏、秋、冬季的气温对始花期没有显著性影响.不同地区,春季平均气温、最高气温及最低气温对始花期均有影响,一般而言,最高气温的影响最强,而最低气温的影响最弱,这3种气温的升高使始花期均有提前的效应.     

Effects of high and low inspired fractions of oxygen on horse erythrocyte membrane properties, blood viscosity and muscle oxygenation during anaesthesia

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a period of hyperoxia or after a period of hypoxia produced changes attributable to reactive oxygen species in anaesthetized horses.Study designProspective randomized experimental study.AnimalsSix healthy (ASA I) geldings, aged 4.5–9.5 years and weighing 510–640 kg^?1.MethodsAfter 30 minutes breathing air as carrier gas for isoflurane, horses were assigned randomly to breathe air as carrier gas (CG0.21) or oxygen as carrier gas (CG1.00) for a further 90 minutes. After an interval of 1 month each horse was re-anaesthetized with the other carrier gas for the 90 minute test period. Ventilation was controlled throughout anaesthesia. Arterial blood was sampled to measure gas tensions, lactate, cholesterol, vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, 8-epi-PGF_2α, half haemolysis time, half erythrolysis time, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Muscle blood flow and oxygenation were evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy and coloured Doppler.ResultsAfter the first 30 minutes horses were hypoxemic. Subsequently the CG1.00 group became hyperoxaemic (PaO₂～240 mmHg) whereas the CG0.21 group remained hypoxaemic (PaO₂～60 mmHg) and had increased lactate concentration. No significant changes in vitamin E, 4-hydroxy-alkenals, or 8-epi-PGF_2α concentrations were detected. During the 90 minute test period the CG0.21 group had increased resistance to free-radical-mediated lysis in erythrocytes, whereas the CG1.00 group had slightly decreased resistance of whole blood to haemolysis. CG0.21 induced a progressive muscle deoxygenation whereas CG1.00 induced an increase in muscle oxygen saturation followed by progressive deoxygenation towards baseline.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDuring isoflurane anaesthesia in horses, the hyperoxia induced by changing from air to oxygen induced minimal damage from reactive oxygen species. Using air as the carrier gas decreased skeletal muscle oxygenation compared with using oxygen.     

不同类型鸡新城疫La Sota疫苗的免疫应答比较

A、B、C、D组SPF鸡分别接种La Sota加佐剂活疫苗,未加佐剂活疫苗,氢氧化铝胶佐剂苗和油佐剂灭活疫苗,通过采集血清进行红细胞凝集抑制试验,测定其抗体水平,并进行比较。结果表明,La Sota加佐剂活疫苗组可产生较高的抗体滴度,并持续较长时间;而未加佐剂疫苗组血清阳转较弱,且持续时间较短;油佐剂灭活疫苗组抗体滴度最高,维持时间最长。     

Dietary incorporation of feedstuffs naturally high in organic selenium for racing pigeons (Columba livia): effects on plasma antioxidant markers after a standardised simulation of a flying effort

Selenium is a trace element of importance for animal health. It is essential for adequate functioning of many enzymes such as, the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, which protects the cell against free radicals. A muscular effort induces a rise in reactive oxygen species production which, in turn, can generate an oxidative stress. Two groups of eight racing pigeons were fed respectively with a diet containing 30.3 (control group) and 195.3 (selenium group) μg selenium/kg diet. The pigeons were submitted to a standardised simulation of a flying effort during 2 h. Blood was taken before and after the effort to measure antioxidant markers and blood parameters related to muscle metabolism. Plasma selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly higher in the selenium group. There were no significant differences for the other measured parameters. As a consequence of the effort, the pigeons of the selenium group showed a higher increase of glutathione peroxidase activity and a smaller increase of plasma lactate concentration. Variations because of the effort in the other markers were not significantly different between the two groups. It is concluded that the selenium status was improved with the feeding of feedstuffs high in Selenium.     

Infection, immunity and the neuroendocrine response

The Central Nervous (CNS) and Immune Systems (IS) are the two major adaptive systems which respond rapidly to numerous challenges that are able to compromise health. The defensive response strictly linking innate to acquired immunity, works continuously to limit pathogen invasion and damage. The efficiency of the innate response is crucial for survival and for an optimum priming of acquired immunity. During infection, the immune response is modulated by an integrated neuro-immune network which potentiates innate immunity, controls potential harmful effects and also addresses metabolic and nutritional modifications supporting immune function. In the last decade much knowledge has been gained on the molecular signals that orchestrate this integrated adaptive response, with focus on the systemic mediators which have a crucial role in driving and controlling an efficient protective response. These mediators are also able to signal alterations and control pathway dysfunctions which may be involved in the persistence and/or overexpression of inflammation that may lead to tissue damage and to a negative metabolic impact, causing retarded growth.This review aims to describe some important signalling pathways which drive bidirectional communication between the Immune and Nervous Systems during infection. Particular emphasis is placed on pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulator hormones such as Glucocorticoids (GCs), Growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and Leptin, as well as nutritional factors such as Zinc (Zn).Finally, the review includes up-to-date information on this neuroimmune cross-talk in domestic animals. Data in domestic animal species are still limited, but there are several exciting areas of research, like the potential interaction pathways between mediators (i.e. cytokine-HPA regulation, IL-6-GCS-Zn, cytokines-GH/IGF-1, IL-6-GH-Leptin and thymus activity) that are or could be promising topics of future research in veterinary medicine.     

Growth pattern and partial proteome of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during the stress response to hypoxia and nutrient starvation

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an important pathogen that causes Johne's disease in animals and has been implicated in Crohn's disease in man yet few data exist on its physiological adaptation in either the host or the environment. In this study, the proteomic responses of the two distinct strains of M. a. paratuberculosis, cattle (C) and sheep (S), to hypoxia and starvation were studied in vitro. Nutrient starvation inhibited growth of both strains and was lethal for S strain after 12 weeks. Hypoxia induced a state of very low metabolic activity but rapid resuscitation occurred upon restoration of an aerobic atmosphere, consistent with the dormancy response of other mycobacteria. A total of 55 protein spots differentially expressed in response to starvation and/or hypoxic stress in one or both strains were identified from 2D gels and classified based on biological function. Antioxidant enzymes, oxidoreducatse enzymes and proteins involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, ATP and purine biosynthesis, proteolysis, cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, signal recognition and hypothetical proteins with putative functions including dormancy response regulators and universal stress proteins were identified. These proteins are potential screening targets for future diagnosis, prevention and control of M. a. paratuberculosis infection and their identification will assist understanding the pathogenesis of diseases caused by this organism.