Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adult Anoplophom glabripennis (Motschulsky) to Volatile Components of Host-Plant

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration.     

红树植物无瓣海桑光合作用日变化及其影响因子研究

文章以广州南沙区红树林湿地公园的无瓣海桑人工林为研究对象,测定叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）的日变化并探讨其与相关生理生态因子的关系。结果表明,无瓣海桑叶片的Pn日变化呈双峰曲线,峰值出现在上午10：00时和午后14：00时,并出现明显午休现象。影响Pn的主要生理生态因子有光强、气孔导度、相对湿度和胞间CO2浓度等;无瓣海桑叶片的Tr日变化呈明显的单峰曲线,峰值出现在中午12：00时,影响Tr的生理生态因子主要有叶面温度、气孔导度和相对湿度等。无瓣海桑光补偿点和光饱和点分别为100,1800μmol·m^-2s^-1左右,CO2补偿浓度和饱和浓度分别为50,900μmol·mol^-1左右。     

Response of Spring Phenology of Main Gymnosperm to Climate Change in Harbin City Proper

Global climate change has caused phenology change of vegetation.This is especially obvious in urban area.This paper reveals response mechanism of spring phenology of main gymnosperm in Harbin City proper to climate change based on relationship study between two typical phenophases(beginning of bud burst and beginning of leaf expansion) of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis),Koyama spruce(Picea koraiensis Nakai),needle fir(Abies nephrolepis) and Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica Litv.and the temperature of every ten ...     

Resistance against oxidative stress in leaves of young beech trees grown in model ecosystems with different soil qualities, elevated CO2, and lachnid infestation

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the resistance of beech foliage(Fagus sylvatica) against oxidative stress was affected by soil quality, nitrogen or CO₂ fertilisation, or lachnid infestation(Phyllaphis fagi). For this purpose young beech trees were grown for four years in reconstructed calcareous or acidic forest soils in open top chambers under ambient or elevated CO₂ concentrations with two levels of nitrogen fertilisation. At harvest lachnid colonisation was observed, preferentially on leaves from trees in calcareous soil and on leaves from trees fertilised with the high nitrogen level. General leaf characteristics such as pigment concentrations, dry mass, and leaf mass ber area were not affected by the soil type, nitrogen fertilisation or CO₂ regime. Leaves colonised with lachnids displayed slightly increased leaf mass per area. When the stress resistance was challenged by exposure to paraquat — a herbicide inducing oxidative stress — leaves from trees grown on calcareous soil maintained significantly longer membrane integrity and, thus, were better protected against stress than leaves from trees on acidic soil. Other experimental variables had negligible or no effects on the resistance against oxidative stress.      

Leaf conductance of primary and mature leaves ofPinus roxburghii: A comparison

We used a null-balance porometer to measure leaf conductance of mature and primary leaves of natural seedlings, saplings, and trees ofPinus roxburghii (chir) during autumn at four sites at 1,320–1,930 m elevation in the central Himalaya of India. Our hypothesis that primary leaves had higher leaf conductance than mature leaves (needles in fascicles), based on measurements in other pines, was rejected. Comparisons on the same saplings and seedlings showed lower leaf conductance for primary leaves than for mature leaves. Primary leaves on seedlings and saplings also did not consistently have higher leaf conductance than mature leaves on near-by trees. Mature leaves on seedlings, however, did often have higher conductance than mature leaves on nearby trees. Mean values for leaf conductance (mmol m⁻² s⁻¹, based on total leaf surface area) ranged from 42–82 for mature leaves on trees, 60–121 for mature leaves on seedlings, and 28–67 for primary leaves on seedlings. Compared to published values for other pine species, conductance of mature leaves ofP. roxburghii is relatively low. Funding for this study was provided by grants from the United States National Science Foundation, INT-9312052 and INT-9404043. We appreciate the review of an early draft by Barbara Bond.     

果树对低温的响应及抗寒评价体系研究进展

低温冷害是果树生产中常见的一种自然灾害,严重影响了果树生产的可持续发展。综述了果树抗寒性的评价、抗寒机制研究和抗寒基因工程研究,提出了该研究领域的前景展望,以期为果树抗寒性研究和抗寒育种提供科学依据。     

苗木施肥生理基础及优化施肥的研究

试验研究了定县白杨、毛白杨、小黑杨、香椿、花椒、黑枣等“三北”防护林地区常用造林树种苗木施肥生理及生长变化。合理施肥处理，明显提高叶绿素ａ含量，速生期净同化率是对照处理的２．６６倍。试验确定了不同苗木的适宜肥料用量和配比。施肥适宜比对照处理，合格苗产量增加９５％～２３７％。     

天然低共熔溶剂提取杜仲叶绿原酸及其抗氧化活性

以杜仲叶为原料,采用超声波辅助天然低共熔溶剂(NADES)提取杜仲叶绿原酸并考察其抗氧化活性.首先筛选出较优的天然低共熔溶剂体系,然后在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面优化提取工艺,并考察杜仲叶绿原酸的抗氧化活性.研究结果表明:较优的溶剂体系由甜菜碱、L-乳酸与水组成,各组分的物质的量比为1:1:4,低共熔溶剂中水用量为5...     

砀山地区主要梨品种光合特性研究

为了探索砀山地区梨不同品种的光合效率,为生产上改善梨果产量与品质提供依据,以砀山地区栽植的砀山酥梨、黄冠、黄金、金花、鸭梨、马蹄黄、紫酥7个梨品种为试验材料,采用LI-6400XT便携式光合测定系统,研究了梨不同品种叶片的光响应特性。结果发现,砀山酥梨、鸭梨和马蹄黄净光合速率显著高于紫酥、黄金梨和金花梨;砀山酥梨叶片光饱和点为1500μmol/（m.2s）,光补偿点为38.40μmol/（m.2s）。不同类型梨品种的蒸腾速率变化曲线均呈单峰型,峰值均出现在光照强度为1800μmol/（m.2s）时,砀山酥梨蒸腾速率要高于其他梨品种;梨不同品种气孔导度以砀山酥梨较大、黄金梨较小,与蒸腾速率相一致。紫酥和黄冠光饱和点和光补偿点明显低于其他梨树品种,表明其对光照的适应能力弱于砀山酥梨等品种。     

Tree-ring response of Larix chinensis on regional climate and sea-surface temperature variations in alpine timberline in the Qinling Mountains

Tree-ring width chronologies of Larix chinensis were developed from the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province,and climatic factors affecting the tree-ring widths of L.chinensis were examined.Correlation analysis showed that similar correlations between tree-ring width chronologies and climatic factors demonstrated that radial growth responded to climate change on both slopes.The radial growth of L.chinensis was mainly limited by temperature,especially the growing season.In contrast,both chronologies were negatively correlated with precipitation in May of the previous year and April of the current year.Spatial climate-correlation analyses with gridded land-surface climate data revealed that our tree-ring width chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal over much of northcentral and eastern China.Spatial correlation with seasurface temperature fields highlights the influence of the Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and North Atlantic Ocean.Wavelet coherence analysis indicated the existence of some decadal and interannual cycles in the two tree-ring width chronologies.This may suggest the influences of El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation and solar activity on tree growth in the Qinling Mountains.These findings will help us understand the growth response of L.chinensis to climate change in the Qinling region,and they provide critical information for future climate reconstructions based on this species in semi-humid regions.