杨树受光肩星天牛危害程度与树皮厚度的关系

为了解天牛对杨树的危害，分析了几种杨树上光肩星天牛排粪孔数与树皮厚度，树高的关系。发现在一定范围内，光肩星天牛在大径阶杨树上产卵与树皮厚度之间存在密切的负相关性。小径阶杨树上天牛产卵多在中下部，同样是由于树皮厚度所致。树皮厚度较树高与天牛产卵量关系更为密切，存在天牛产卵的最适树皮厚度。     

Fumigant Toxicity and Oviposition Deterrent Activity of Volatile Constituents from Asari Radix et Rhizoma against Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is a worldwide pest of potato. Plant-borne chemicals would be potential alternatives of synthetic chemical fumigants against P. operculella in the storage. Asari Radix et Rhizoma is derived from the dry roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum, A. sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense, or A. sieboldii. In this study, fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrent of volatile constituents from ARR, δ-3-carene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol were tested against P. operculella. The preliminary verification of preventive and control effects of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and methyleugenol on P. operculella was carried out by simulating warehouse experiments. The results indicated that the six compounds above had fumigation toxic effects on the adults and eggs of P. operculella. Among them, δ-3-carene, γ-terpinene, and terpinolene had weaker fumigation effects than those of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol. The LC₅₀ values of eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, and methyleugenol against adult P. operculella were 1.01, 1.78, 1.51 mg/liter air, respectively. The LC₅₀ values against egg P. operculella were 1.09, 0.55, 0.30 mg/liter air, respectively. The oviposition deterrent experiment showed that only methyleugenol (at 5 and 1 mg/ml) and eucarvone (5 mg/ml) had a substantial oviposition deterrent effect. The simulated warehouse experiment verified that methyleugenol, eucarvone, and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene protected potatoes from P. operculella and demonstrated that methyleugenol had the best preventive and control effects. It was concluded that methyleugenol was the active ingredient with the most potential in the volatiles from ARR on P. operculella control and merit further study as botanic fumigant.     

Host selection behavior and incidence of the bark beetle Scolytus kashmirensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) attacking elm (Ulmus spp.) trees in Kashmir

The status of the incidence of the bark beetle Scolytus kashmirensis Schedl on elm (Ulmus spp.) trees was determined in four districts of the Kashmir Valley in 2009.The incidence of the borer was higher in the Anantnag (25.93%) and Shopian (22.35%) districts of the Kashmir Valley,followed by the Ganderbal (17.14%) and Baramulla (16.67%) districts.The overall infestation recorded in these districts was 20.52%.The beetle under study chewed the scars on twigs of both the host and tentative non-host plants supplied to them in cages but bored and laid eggs in only one of them (the host plant).Both species of elm,Ulmus wallichiana and U.villosa,were susceptible to borer attacks;however,U.villosa showed low susceptibility and high resistance compared to U.wallichiana.Older,taller elms were preferred for feeding by bark beetles and are therefore much more susceptible to its infestation compared to younger elms.This bark beetle species also preferred to oviposit in branches of the host plants with diameters of 9-12 mm.     

四种植物提取物对菜粉蝶产卵行为的影响

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取艾蒿(Aremisia argyi)、凌霄(Campsis grandiflora)、紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa)、丁香(Syringa oblata)的挥发性物质,通过室内试验研究提取物对菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae L.)产卵行为的影响.结果表明4种提取物对菜粉蝶具有产卵忌避作用,艾蒿对菜粉蝶的产卵忌避作用最强,平均忌避率为65.7％,其次是紫茉莉,凌霄和丁香的产卵忌避作用相对较弱;随着放置时间的延长,各处理忌避效果均逐渐减弱,处理后24h的忌避作用最强.艾蒿和紫茉莉提取物对菜粉蝶产卵正反比影响相对较强,产卵正反比分别为29.7％和24.7％,凌霄和丁香提取物对菜粉蝶产卵正反比影响作用相对较弱,产卵正反比分别为12.3％和18.7％.     

松墨天牛幼虫在马尾松上的分布规律研究

对松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔在马尾松树上的分布规律进行了调查研究,结果表明:在马尾松树上的松墨天牛蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔数量随着树体高度的增加呈"钟形"分布,主要集中在寄主的中部,其中2~5 m高树干上的蛀入孔数量占总蛀入孔的64.88%,2~5 m高树干上的蛹室数量占总蛹室的62.44%,3~6 m的羽化孔占总羽化孔的63.47%;松墨天牛的蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔在树枝上的分布数量显著高于树干上的分布,说明树枝是幼虫的主要分布部位,同时也是松墨天牛越冬的重要场所;蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔的数量与马尾松树胸径没有明显相关性,而且其在马尾松树南北两侧的分布差异也不显著。     

云南传统水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗性筛选

[目的]初步筛选云南传统水稻品种对白背飞虱的抗、感性差异,为进一步研究白背飞虱的抗虫水稻种质资源奠定基础.[方法]在实验室条件下分析比较了13个来自云南元阳的地方水稻品种抗白背飞虱等级,不同品种对白背飞虱若虫生长发育的影响以及白背飞虱在各个品种上的取食量和产卵差异.[结果]在13个传统品种中,‘红皮糯谷’、‘绿脚谷’和‘车甲谷’无论在苗期还是分蘖期对白背飞虱的抗性等级均较一致.上述品种中,白背飞虱在‘红皮糯谷’、‘绿脚谷’和感虫对照‘TN1'上24 h的蜜露斑面积测定结果均＞45 mm2,单雌产卵量超过90粒,孵化率高于80％;而在‘车甲谷’和抗虫对照‘RHT’上24 h的蜜露斑面积测定结果均＜20 mm2,单雌产卵量均低于60粒,孵化率不足57％.白背飞虱若虫的发育历期在各供试品种之间的差异不明显.[结论]白背飞虱在‘红皮糯谷,和‘绿脚谷’上的取食量、单雌产卵量和孵化率均较高,可以初步确定为感虫品种;而在‘车甲谷,上的取食量、单雌产卵量和孵化率均较低,初步确定属于抗虫品种.     

伽马射线辐照拟长毛钝绥螨雄螨对雌螨产卵量和后代雌性比的影响

本文通过伽马射线辐照拟长毛钝绥螨的雄成螨,探讨辐照的雄成螨与雌成螨交配后,对雌成螨产卵量和后代性比的影响。在高辐照剂量10、20、40、80、160、320、640、1280 Gy和剂量率3 Gy.min-1的伽马射线辐照下,雌螨的产卵量随辐照剂量的增加而逐渐减少。40 Gy及以上的辐照剂量雌螨产卵量与对照相比均有显著差异;后代雌性比也随辐照剂量的增加而降低,到160 Gy辐照剂量时雌性比为0。在低辐照剂量40、160、640、2560和10240 mGy以及剂量率40 mGy.min-1的伽马射线辐照下,雌螨的产卵量随辐照剂量的增加呈现出先升后降的趋势,在160 mGy辐照剂量下达到了最高。160 mGy时后代雌性比也最高,达到72.52%,与40、640、2560mGy处理间没有显著差异,但都显著地高于对照（65.23%）和10240 mGy辐照处理（56.14%）的雌性比。     

松毛虫赤眼蜂种群间生物学特性的比较研究 Ⅱ.避免过寄生能力

应用雌蜂对寄主卵的接受率作为指标,对采自我国北纬22～43度,5种松毛虫的6个松毛虫赤眼蜂种群在米蛾卵上的避免过寄生能力进行比较观察,结果表明各种群的雌蜂对自身、同种群其他个体及其他种群已寄生过的卵都能很准确地予以辨别,各种群间避免过寄生的能力无显著差异。     

Effects of a neem-based insecticide on different immature life stages of the leafminerLiriomyza sativae on tomato

The effects of the commercially available neem insecticide NeemAzal-T/S® (neem) (1% azadirachtin) onLiriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) were studied on tomato in Bangkok, Thailand. Neem emulsions were sprayed on the aerial plant parts at five concentrations (from 0.001% to 0.010% a.i.); different aged residues (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days) were tested, in both controlled environment rooms and in greenhouses. Irrespective of the residual age of the application, no significant effects on oviposition or egg hatch were detected. However, neem drastically increased larval mortality at the higher concentrations tested. The L1 and L2 larvae were most susceptible. Irrespective of concentration, larval mortality or inhibition of adult eclosion decreased much faster in greenhouses than in controlled environments with artificial light. Nevertheless, our results suggest that neem has potential to controlL. sativae in netted greenhouses.     

油菜花露尾甲的为害及对产量的影响

１９９４～１９９６年室内和田间调查研究表明,油苛花露甲以成虫取食花器和产卵于花蕾内为害,形成典型的“秃梗”症状;以幼虫在花内食害,使角果的瘪粒数增加,产量下降基田间自然条件下,雌成虫多选择２～３ｍｍ长的蕾产卵,但在不同种油菜上有差异;在大黄芥上,８０％卵产在２～３ｍｍ长的蕾上,在门源油菜上,８０％的卵产出２．０１～３．６０ｍｍ长的蕾上,蕾长在２．４ｍｍ以下时易被产卵致死,在门源油菜的蕾期笼罩接虫试