Stereolithographic biomodeling of equine ovary based on 3D serial digitizing device

The 3D internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) was applied to the equine ovary, which possesses peculiar structural characteristics. Stereolithography was applied to make a life-sized model by means of data obtained from 3D-ISM. Images from serially sliced surfaces contributed to a successful 3D reconstruction of the equine ovary. Photopolymerized resin models of equine ovaries produced by stereolithography can clearly show the internal structure and spatial localizations in the ovary. The understanding of the spatial relationship between the ovulation fossa and follicles and/or corpora lutea in the equine ovary was a great benefit. The peculiar structure of the equine ovary could be thoroughly observed and understood through this model.     

细鳞鲴卵巢发育的组织学观察

采用组织学方法对细鳞鲴卵巢周年变化和卵母细胞发育进行了观察研究。结果表明,细鳞鲴卵巢发育分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育分5个时相,从第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞开始表现出种的特异性。3月卵巢处于产前发育阶段,4-7月为繁殖期,5-6月为繁殖盛期,8月卵巢基本修整完毕,9-10月为Ⅱ′期发育,11月至翌年2月以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬。细鳞鲴的产卵方式为短期分批同步产卵类型,在一个生殖周期内一般产卵2~3次。     

孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官组织结构及卵子发生的研究

应用光镜技术研究了孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）雌性生殖器官组织结构和卵子发生的特点,以期为孔雀鱼的良种繁育工作提供基础资料。结果表明,孔雀鱼雌性生殖器官由卵巢、卵子输送管和泄殖孔构成。卵子发生过程经历了6个时相：第Ⅰ时相主要为卵原细胞;第Ⅱ时相是处于小生长期的初级卵母细胞,形成生长环、卵黄核和单层扁平滤泡细胞膜;第Ⅲ时相是进入大生长期的初级卵母细胞,卵黄开始积累,形成2层滤泡细胞膜和2层卵包膜;第Ⅳ时相为发育晚期的初级卵母细胞,细胞发生了极化,卵包膜发育完善;第Ⅴ时相发育成熟,卵黄颗粒凝结呈块状,卵黄泡主要分布于细胞膜内缘,滤泡细胞膜萎缩;第Ⅵ时相是闭锁卵泡,被滤泡细胞消化和吸收转变为卵巢内结缔组织。     

东海三疣梭子蟹成熟群体生殖特征和条件状况

为了探求东海三疣梭子蟹成熟群体的发育生殖机制,采用生态学、资源生物学等相关研究方法,通过对三疣梭子蟹性腺、肝胰腺及条件指数等指标的研究,初步建立起雄性三疣梭子蟹成熟阶段发育分期的特征变化,反映了目前东海三疣梭子蟹成熟群体的生殖特征和条件状况。三疣梭子蟹生殖群体由1龄蟹为主,规格偏小。头胸甲宽主要分布在100~160 mm之间,体重为50~200 g。头胸甲宽与长呈线性相关,而头胸甲宽、长与体重则呈幂函数关系。成熟阶段输精管发育程度和头胸甲宽正显著相关。根据三疣梭子蟹输精管的粗糙程度、管径及管重大小,本文首次提出把处于成熟阶段的雄蟹分为5个阶段。输精管重增长为幂函数方式,输精管指数则随发育线性增长。雌蟹卵巢发育规律和头胸甲宽之间关系不甚明显,而和季节相关。研究表明,9月份三疣梭子蟹交配后卵巢迅速发育,增长明显,10~12月份生殖群体卵巢普遍处于Ⅱ~Ⅳ期。三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺重量随体重和甲壳的增长而增加,而肝体指数相反。雌蟹卵巢Ⅱ期阶段梭子蟹肝胰腺重量最高,平均重量为18.21±5.68 g,随后逐渐降低,说明肝胰腺能量发生了转移;相比于雄蟹,雌蟹储能更多。雌蟹卵巢重量随肝胰腺重量变化呈对数关系增长,而雄蟹输精管重随肝胰腺重呈线性。三疣梭子蟹生殖群体在发育变化过程中两个条件指数基本处于一个平衡阶段,雌雄间差异变化不大。     

基于转录组测序技术筛选花(鱼骨)卵巢发育相关基因

为筛选影响花■卵巢发育相关的基因,采用Illumina Hiseq技术对花■脑、卵巢和肝脏组织进行高通量转录组测序。结果显示,3个组织分别产生了49 484 132、47 540 538和50 622 304个clean reads,组装后共获得了99 878个unigenes,平均长度为1 430 bp。DE seq分析发现,在脑vs.卵巢组中特异性表达的基因数为2 305个,脑vs.肝脏组中特异性表达的基因数为839个,卵巢vs.肝脏组中特异性表达的基因数为1 474个,3个比较组共有的差异表达基因数为860个。GO分析发现,上述差异表达基因主要集中在初级代谢过程(primary metabolic process)、单细胞过程(single-organism process)、有机物代谢过程(organic substance metabolic process)等生物学过程中。KEGG pathway分析显示,一些与卵巢发育和减数分裂相关的信号通路得到了显著富集,如GnRH信号通路、类固醇激素合成、TGF-β信号通路、卵母细胞减数分裂等代谢通路。本研究结果丰富了花■的基因资源,可为花■的繁殖生物学研究提供基础数据。     

多氯联苯对剑尾鱼Na^＋／K^＋—ATPase活性的影响

采用毒性实验的方法，定量地研究了多氯联苯暴露对剑尾鱼肝脏、卵巢及鳃组织中Na^ ／K^ —ATPase活性的影响。结果表明：不同组织其Na^ ／K —ATPase活性的高低存在明显差异。多氯联苯对剑尾鱼肝脏及卵巢的Na^ ／K^ —ATPase活性有抑制作用但不显著；对鳃的Na^ ／K^ —ATPase活性则显示有显著的抑制作用，并随暴露浓度和时间的增加而提高。3种组织中鳃Na^ ／K^ —ATPase对多氯联苯显得更为敏感。     

Gonadal steroidogenesis and the possible role of steroid glucuronides as sex pheromones in two species of teleosts

In general, female zebrafish,Brachydanio rerio, ovulate only in the presence of males. The stimulant must be pheromonal as even male holding water is capable of inducing ovulation. After ovulation the mating phase begins. During this phase the male follows the female and oviposition as well as fertilization takes place. Both the ovulation and the mating are controlled by pheromones synthesized by the gonads. Ovulation can be induced by testicular homogenates. After the lipid material has been extracted from the testicular homogenates, the remaining aqueous phase can still induce ovulation. However, when the aqueous phase is treated with the enzyme-glucuronidase, it loses the ability to induce ovulation. This is an indication that glucuronides, probably steroid glucuronides, are the compounds responsible.During the mating phase, ovulated female zebrafish become attractive to males. It was found that, after ovulation, ovarian extracts contain the compounds responsible for attracting males. The attractant consists of a mixture of steroid glucuronides.After incubation of the gonads with³H-precursors seven steroid glucuronides have been identified in the testis and five in the ovary.Under fish culture conditions the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus, can produce postivitellogenic oocytes throughout the year. However, in capitivity neither males nor females spawn. In female catfish maturation and ovulation can be induced by treatment with gonadotropins. It might be possible that, analogous to the zebrafish, some reproductive processes in the catfish have to be induced by pheromones. It has been demonstrated that pheromonal compounds released by the seminal vesicles are involved in the attraction of female conspecifics. The steroid glucuronide synthesizing capability of the testes and the seminal vesicles of the male catfish are examined, as well as that of the ovary before and after ovulation of the female catfish. Both testes and seminal vesicles appear to be capable of steroid biosynthesis but only the latter synthesizes steroid glucuronides. Six of these conjugates have been isolated and identified. In the female catfish the ovaries are capable of synthesizing seven steroid glucuronides, but only after ovulation.     

葛氏鲈塘艚卵子发生的组织学观察

采用组织切片技术系统观察和描述了葛氏鲈塘鱧（Perccottus glenii Dybowski）卵巢各时相卵母细胞的形态结构、特征及变化。卵巢切面显示：卵母细胞发育分为6个时相：第Ⅰ时相卵母细胞由处于原始分化阶段的卵原细胞构成;第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞进入滤泡细胞期,胞外形成滤泡细胞膜：第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞由质膜向核膜逐渐积累皮质液泡：第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞主要形成卵黄颗粒：第Ⅴ时相卵母细胞为成熟的卵子,胞内含有丰富的卵黄;第Ⅵ时相卵母细胞是未排出的处于退化吸收阶段的卵细胞,卵膜破裂,卵黄被吸收。根据卵巢切片及性腺系数变化推测葛氏鲈塘鱧属于一次产卵类型。     

克氏原螯虾不同发育时期5-HT与DA在卵巢和肝胰腺中的分布

为了研究5-HT与DA阳性物质在克氏原螯虾(Procambrus clarkii)不同发育时期的卵巢细胞和肝胰腺细胞中的分布特征,运用免疫组化法对卵巢发育4个不同时期的卵巢与肝胰腺进行观察。结果表明,各期卵巢卵细胞和肝胰腺细胞中均存在5-HT与DA阳性物质。Ⅰ期卵巢5-HT阳性物质分布于卵母细胞胞核,胞质未出现阳性;Ⅱ期～Ⅳ期5-HT阳性物质主要集中在卵母细胞胞质以及胞核。在发育各期的肝胰腺中5-HT的免疫物质均呈阳性。Ⅰ～Ⅳ期卵巢中,DA阳性物质主要分布于卵母细胞的胞核以及肝胰腺细胞,其强度呈递减趋势。结果提示5-HT具有促进卵巢发育作用,而DA则抑制卵巢发育。     

水牛leptin基因在卵巢和睾丸的表达及定位

为了确定水牛leptin基因在卵巢和睾丸中的表达状况,试验应用随机引物标记法制作leptincDNA探针。结果表明:该探针检测精度为0.1 pg/μL,达到预期目的;用标记好的探针对水牛卵巢和睾丸的石蜡组织切片进行原位杂交,在卵巢卵泡颗粒细胞层与膜细胞中间、早期生长卵泡内和睾丸精小管管壁上呈现不同程度的黄褐色阳性颗粒。