Influence of Enriched Live Prey and Other Artificial Diets on RNA and DNA Concentration in the Ovary of Tiger Prawn,Penaeus monodon

Abstract

Separate batches of tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, were fed three different diets, and the effect of these nutritional treatments on RNA and DNA concentrations in the ovary was examined. The given diets did not produce any significant difference in the concentrations of the nucleic acids. DNA remained remarkably stable. RNA/DNA ratio varied from 2.18 to 3.62 and largely followed the pattern similar to that of RNA. Differences in the RNA/DNA ratio did not suggest actual quantitative change in DNA per cell. Cause and effect relations need to be differentiated by analysis of nucleic acid contents at cell level for further insights into the possible link between the dynamics of change in the nucleic acids and broodstock nourishment.     

闽东海域繁殖期雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼不同组织的脂肪酸组成分析

为获知棘头梅童鱼亲鱼性腺发育后期脂类及脂肪酸蓄积特点,采用内标定量法,对性腺发育至Ⅳ期的雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵巢组织中的脂肪及脂肪酸含量进行了测定,并比较分析了3种组织中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼卵巢、肝脏和肌肉中脂肪的质量分数分别为(4.84±0.05)%、(2.66±0.05)%和(0.56±0.05)%,不同组织间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼的卵巢、肌肉和肝脏中分别检出29种脂肪酸,含量最高的饱和脂肪酸依次为C16∶0、C18∶0和C14∶0;含量最高的单不饱和脂肪酸依次为C16∶1、C18∶1n9c和C20∶1;含量最高的多不饱和脂肪酸依次为C22∶6n3(DHA)、C20∶5n3(EPA)和C20∶4n6(ARA)。从相对含量来看,肌肉中饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为(58.22±0.24)%,显著高于肝脏(52.71±0.24)%和卵巢(36.42±0.24)%(P<0.05);卵巢中单不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为(23.78±0.09)%,显著高于肌肉(16.15±0.07)%和肝脏(10.79±0.05)%(P<0.05);卵巢中多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为(39.79±0.19)%,显著高于肝脏(36.49±0.21) %和肌肉(25.63±0.19)%(P<0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中EPA和DHA的总量依次升高,质量分数分别为(19.34±0.15)%、(26.59±0.16)%和(27.78±0.13)%。卵巢、肝脏和肌肉组织中的DHA/EPA分别为1.95、2.28和1.89,n-3系和n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸的比值分别为3.29、3.81和6.25。     

Animal performance and reproductive aspects of female Rhamdia quelen fed on different levels of digestible energy

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different diet energy levels on animal performance. Specifically, this investigation examined the reproductive and histological aspects of the liver and gonads of female silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). These fish were fed for 210 days with diets containing 30% digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) that corresponded to 11.93, 12.98, 14.03, 15.07 and 16.12 MJ of DE kg^?1. The initial and final lengths, weights, and weight gains, the visceral, gonadal, and hepatosomatic indices, and the histological parameters hepatocytes area and gonadal stages were evaluated. In the reproductive season, the fish were submitted to an artificial reproduction protocol and the percentage of spawning females and their relative and absolute fecundity were evaluated. DE did not affect reproductive or animal performance aspects (P > 0.05). Cytoplasmic vacuoles in hepatocytes were observed in higher DE levels. Thus, female Rhamdia quelen can be fed a diet of 30% DP with 11.93 MJ of DE kg^?1 without reproductive or performance losses.     

Lipid class and fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the gonads of skipjack tuna

ABSTRACT:   Lipid class and fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the gonads of skipjack tuna were examined to evaluate effective utilization of the processing of by-products. The predominant phospholipids in the ovaries were phosphatidylcholine (PC; 47.9%), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 19.3%) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC; 19.1%). In contrast, those in the testes were PC (40.1%), PE (29.3%) and phosphatidylserine (PS; 9.6%). The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was markedly high at more than 50% in LPC of the ovaries, and PE and PS of the testes were also high. The percentages of DHA at sn-position 2 of the predominant phospholipids, except for PC in the testes, were more than 60%, in particular PE in the testes was remarkably high at 81.9%. After storage for 2 days at 5°C, the LPC content in the ovaries increased twofold and the DHA level of LPC was the same as before, though the contents of other phospholipids decreased.     

斑节对虾泛素融合蛋白UbS27基因克隆与表达分析

从构建的斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）肝胰腺转录组数据中筛选出泛素核糖体融合蛋白UbS27基因（ubiquitin/ribosomal S27 fusion protein,PmUbS27）片段,利用SMART-RACE技术克隆出PmUbS27基因cDNA全长,并利用软件对其结构进行分析;利用实时荧光定量技术检测PmUbS27基因在斑节对虾不同组织及卵巢不同发育期的表达情况。结果显示,PmUbS27基因cDNA全长为514 bp,开放阅读框465 bp,编码154个氨基酸,含有泛素（1~72 aa）和核糖体蛋白（101~147 aa）2个结构域。以DNA为模板克隆得到的基因序列由3个内含子和4个外显子组成。实时荧光定量结果显示,PmUbS27基因在斑节对虾各组织中均有表达,但是在卵巢中表达量最高,其次为肝胰腺、血淋巴和精巢。PmUbS27在卵巢发育前期（Ⅱ期）和成熟期（Ⅴ期）的表达量显著高于其他各期（P0.05）。结果表明,PmUbS27参与斑节对虾卵巢发育的过程并可能在卵巢发育进程中起到重要的调控作用。     

半滑舌鳎脾脏、卵巢组织细胞离体培养的初步研究

实验采用胰酶消化法,对半滑舌鳎脾脏、卵巢组织细胞进行离体培养,结果显示,脾脏、卵巢细胞能够在添加20%FBS,50 mmol/L 2-Me,100 U/mL青霉素,100μg/mL链霉素,1mmol/L丙酮酸钠,10 ng/mLbFGF的MEM完全培养基中生长,两种细胞的形态均为成纤维样,脾脏细胞可传至第9代,卵巢细胞至今已传至第11代。脾脏、卵巢细胞染色体中期分裂相均为正常的二倍体核型(2n=42),且具有异型W染色体。20%的血清浓度更适用于卵巢细胞传代培养。利用脂质体可将含有RFP荧光报告基因的质粒成功转入脾脏细胞中。     

多氯联苯对剑尾鱼Na^＋／K^＋—ATPase活性的影响

采用毒性实验的方法，定量地研究了多氯联苯暴露对剑尾鱼肝脏、卵巢及鳃组织中Na^ ／K^ —ATPase活性的影响。结果表明：不同组织其Na^ ／K —ATPase活性的高低存在明显差异。多氯联苯对剑尾鱼肝脏及卵巢的Na^ ／K^ —ATPase活性有抑制作用但不显著；对鳃的Na^ ／K^ —ATPase活性则显示有显著的抑制作用，并随暴露浓度和时间的增加而提高。3种组织中鳃Na^ ／K^ —ATPase对多氯联苯显得更为敏感。     

Melatonin, but not somatostatin-14 influences in vitro steroidogenesis by ovarian follicles of rainbow trout

Ovarian follicles taken from sexually maturing rainbow trout at the mid-vitellogenic stage of ovarian development were incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of melatonin or somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) to determine whether there is evidence of a direct action of these factors on gonadal steroidogenesis in fishes. The steroidogenic capacity of the ovarian follicles was assessed by measuring testosterone (T) and 17-estradiol (E₂) release into the incubation medium, and by examining the steroid metabolites produced following incubation of follicles with radiolabelled steroid precursors.Melatonin appears to elicit a biphasic effect on steroidogenesis by in vitro rainbow trout ovarian follicles; at a concentration of 1 × 10^–3 M, melatonin stimulated basal T and E₂ production, but at a concentration of 1 × 10^–2 M there was an inhibition of basal and sGtH-stimulated T and E₂ Melatonin may act to reduce the activity of specific steroidogenic enzymes, since there was evidence of melatonin at 1 × 10^–2 M enhancing the accumulation of [³H]17-hydroxyprogesterone in the medium following incubation with [³H]pregnenolone, possibly suggesting the inhibition of C_17,20-lyase activity. In contrast, SRIF-14, used at concentrations of 1 × 10^–8 M and 1 × 10^–6 M, had no effect on basal or sGtH-stimulated E₂ or T production by ovarian follicles, incubated in vitro.     

中西太平洋鲣卵巢发育特征

根据2007年10月-2008年1月在中西太平洋采集的140个卵巢样本,利用组织学分析方法,研究了鲣卵巢的发育过程,详细描述了鲣卵巢、卵细胞的发育阶段。结果表明:(1) 组织学上,鲣的卵细胞发育过程分为6个时相,与之对应的,卵巢发育过程分为6个时期。(2) 鲣属于不同步产卵类型,卵巢内会同时出现不同时相的卵细胞。(3) 传统鉴定方法用于鲣卵巢发育状况时,存在不足之处,与组织学分析的结果差别较大,尤其是Ⅵ期的差别最大。(4) 调查海域的鲣至少有两个产卵高峰期,一个高峰期是11月底(12月初),另一个高峰期是12月底(1月初)。