中西太平洋鲣卵巢发育特征

根据2007年10月-2008年1月在中西太平洋采集的140个卵巢样本,利用组织学分析方法,研究了鲣卵巢的发育过程,详细描述了鲣卵巢、卵细胞的发育阶段。结果表明:(1) 组织学上,鲣的卵细胞发育过程分为6个时相,与之对应的,卵巢发育过程分为6个时期。(2) 鲣属于不同步产卵类型,卵巢内会同时出现不同时相的卵细胞。(3) 传统鉴定方法用于鲣卵巢发育状况时,存在不足之处,与组织学分析的结果差别较大,尤其是Ⅵ期的差别最大。(4) 调查海域的鲣至少有两个产卵高峰期,一个高峰期是11月底(12月初),另一个高峰期是12月底(1月初)。     

斑节对虾泛素融合蛋白UbS27基因克隆与表达分析

从构建的斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）肝胰腺转录组数据中筛选出泛素核糖体融合蛋白UbS27基因（ubiquitin/ribosomal S27 fusion protein,PmUbS27）片段,利用SMART-RACE技术克隆出PmUbS27基因cDNA全长,并利用软件对其结构进行分析;利用实时荧光定量技术检测PmUbS27基因在斑节对虾不同组织及卵巢不同发育期的表达情况。结果显示,PmUbS27基因cDNA全长为514 bp,开放阅读框465 bp,编码154个氨基酸,含有泛素（1~72 aa）和核糖体蛋白（101~147 aa）2个结构域。以DNA为模板克隆得到的基因序列由3个内含子和4个外显子组成。实时荧光定量结果显示,PmUbS27基因在斑节对虾各组织中均有表达,但是在卵巢中表达量最高,其次为肝胰腺、血淋巴和精巢。PmUbS27在卵巢发育前期（Ⅱ期）和成熟期（Ⅴ期）的表达量显著高于其他各期（P0.05）。结果表明,PmUbS27参与斑节对虾卵巢发育的过程并可能在卵巢发育进程中起到重要的调控作用。     

Thyroid hormone concentrations in the gonads of wild chum salmon during maturation

Changes in gonadal and plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were examined at various stages of maturation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caught in the Bering Sea and the Bay of Alaska. Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T₄) were less than 5 ng ml⁻¹, and those of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyroxine (T₃) were less than 2 ng ml⁻¹ I in both males and females, regardless of the degree of sexual maturity or the gonadosomatic index (GSI). There was no clear relationships between circulating thyroid hormone levels and tissue levels. The ovarian T₄ concentrations were undetectable (less than 0.2 ng g⁻¹) or less than 2 ng g⁻¹ when GSI was lower than 1%, but increased thereafter and reached a plateau of 8–10 ng g⁻¹ when GSI became 2%. The ovarian T₃ concentrations were about 5 ng g⁻¹ when GSI was 1%, increased to a maximum level (20 ng g⁻¹) when GSI was about 2%, and decreased to a constant level of 10 ng g⁻¹ thereafter. The T₄ and T₃ content in single oocyte increased proportionally to the oocyte volume, indicating a constant incorporation of the hormones into the oocyte. The T₄ concentrations in the testis were 1 ng g⁻¹ or less regardless of the GS1. On the other hand, the T₃ concentrations were highest (15 ng g⁻¹) when the GSI was less than 1%, decreased thereafter when spermatocytes appeared in the testis, and became about 5 ng g⁻¹ I in testes containing spermatozoa, raising the possibility of a role for T₃ during early gamete and/or gonad maturation of testes.     

Occurrence and in vitro biosynthesis of 11-ketotestosterone in Siberian sturgeon,Acipenser baeri Brandt maturing females

High levels of 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) were found (49 to 160 ng ml^–1) in plasma of Siberian sturgeon females during the end of their reproductive cycle. These levels were measured either by specific radioimmunoassay, or both by specific radioimmunoassay and by UV absorption after HPLC (isocratic conditions, 33% methanol, 26% acetonitrile, 41% water). In order to find the origin of 11KT synthesis, ovaries were incubated (30 min and 2h at 20°C) with tritiated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) or with tritiated androstenedione (A4). Testosterone (conversion rate from tritiated 17OHP: 4%) and 11-ketotestosterone (conversion rate from tritiated A4: 1.6%) were identified as metabolites of respectively 17OHP and A4 (TLC, HPLC and crystallization). 11-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4) and 11-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) were suggested to be intermediate metabolites. Besides interrenal and blood cells were incubated respectively with tritiated cortisol and tritiated A4. 11OHA4 was identified in interrenal incubation (yield from tritiated cortisol: 1.2%). 11KT in interrenal (yield from tritiated cortisol: 0.14%), and 11OHA4 and 11KT in blood cells (yield from tritiated A4: 1.6%), were suspected to be synthesized (TLC, HPLC, acetylation). No significant metabolization of tritiated cortisol could be found in liver. The possible contribution of each of these tissues to high 11KT levels found in plasma is discussed.To whom correspondence should be sent     

长江口雌性成体纹缟虾虎鱼不同组织的脂肪酸组成分析

实验测定和比较了性腺发育至Ⅴ期的雌性成体纹缟虾虎鱼的肌肉、肝脏和卵巢组织中水分、总脂含量及其脂肪酸组成。结果表明: (1) 肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的水分含量依次降低, 且差异显著(P<0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的总脂含量分别为1.32%±0.08%、7.75%±0.38%和26.73%±0.59%。3种组织间的总脂含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 其中卵巢中总脂含量最高, 其次为肝脏中的含量, 肌肉中含量最低。(2) 肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量明显高于肝脏和卵巢, 3种组织中SFA含量呈显著性差异(P<0.05); 肝脏中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)C 16:1含量最高,肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的含量分别为11.90%±0.71%、15.28%±2.42%和9.49%±0.37%, 3种组织间含量呈显著性差异(P<0.05); 多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、w3PUFA和w6PUFA在卵巢中的含量显著高于肌肉和肝脏中含量 (P<0.05), 而肌肉和肝脏间的差异不显著 (P>0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的总量依次升高, 在3种组织间的含量分别为30.17%±1.02%、30.53%±0.50%和34.33%±0.71%, 卵巢中的含量显著高于肌肉和肝脏中的含量(P<0.05), 而后两者间的差异不显著 (P>0.05)。3种组织中DHA/EPA的比值分别为1.50、1.75和1.59, w3PUFA/∑w6PUFA的比值分别为6.44、8.05和7.00。DHA/EPA和w3PUFA/∑w6PUFA均在肝脏中最高, 其次为卵巢, 肌肉中最低。     

Animal performance and reproductive aspects of female Rhamdia quelen fed on different levels of digestible energy

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different diet energy levels on animal performance. Specifically, this investigation examined the reproductive and histological aspects of the liver and gonads of female silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). These fish were fed for 210 days with diets containing 30% digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) that corresponded to 11.93, 12.98, 14.03, 15.07 and 16.12 MJ of DE kg^?1. The initial and final lengths, weights, and weight gains, the visceral, gonadal, and hepatosomatic indices, and the histological parameters hepatocytes area and gonadal stages were evaluated. In the reproductive season, the fish were submitted to an artificial reproduction protocol and the percentage of spawning females and their relative and absolute fecundity were evaluated. DE did not affect reproductive or animal performance aspects (P > 0.05). Cytoplasmic vacuoles in hepatocytes were observed in higher DE levels. Thus, female Rhamdia quelen can be fed a diet of 30% DP with 11.93 MJ of DE kg^?1 without reproductive or performance losses.     

半滑舌鳎脾脏、卵巢组织细胞离体培养的初步研究

实验采用胰酶消化法,对半滑舌鳎脾脏、卵巢组织细胞进行离体培养,结果显示,脾脏、卵巢细胞能够在添加20%FBS,50 mmol/L 2-Me,100 U/mL青霉素,100μg/mL链霉素,1mmol/L丙酮酸钠,10 ng/mLbFGF的MEM完全培养基中生长,两种细胞的形态均为成纤维样,脾脏细胞可传至第9代,卵巢细胞至今已传至第11代。脾脏、卵巢细胞染色体中期分裂相均为正常的二倍体核型(2n=42),且具有异型W染色体。20%的血清浓度更适用于卵巢细胞传代培养。利用脂质体可将含有RFP荧光报告基因的质粒成功转入脾脏细胞中。     

Melatonin, but not somatostatin-14 influences in vitro steroidogenesis by ovarian follicles of rainbow trout

Ovarian follicles taken from sexually maturing rainbow trout at the mid-vitellogenic stage of ovarian development were incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of melatonin or somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) to determine whether there is evidence of a direct action of these factors on gonadal steroidogenesis in fishes. The steroidogenic capacity of the ovarian follicles was assessed by measuring testosterone (T) and 17-estradiol (E₂) release into the incubation medium, and by examining the steroid metabolites produced following incubation of follicles with radiolabelled steroid precursors.Melatonin appears to elicit a biphasic effect on steroidogenesis by in vitro rainbow trout ovarian follicles; at a concentration of 1 × 10^–3 M, melatonin stimulated basal T and E₂ production, but at a concentration of 1 × 10^–2 M there was an inhibition of basal and sGtH-stimulated T and E₂ Melatonin may act to reduce the activity of specific steroidogenic enzymes, since there was evidence of melatonin at 1 × 10^–2 M enhancing the accumulation of [³H]17-hydroxyprogesterone in the medium following incubation with [³H]pregnenolone, possibly suggesting the inhibition of C_17,20-lyase activity. In contrast, SRIF-14, used at concentrations of 1 × 10^–8 M and 1 × 10^–6 M, had no effect on basal or sGtH-stimulated E₂ or T production by ovarian follicles, incubated in vitro.     

Lipid class and fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the gonads of skipjack tuna

ABSTRACT:   Lipid class and fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the gonads of skipjack tuna were examined to evaluate effective utilization of the processing of by-products. The predominant phospholipids in the ovaries were phosphatidylcholine (PC; 47.9%), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 19.3%) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC; 19.1%). In contrast, those in the testes were PC (40.1%), PE (29.3%) and phosphatidylserine (PS; 9.6%). The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was markedly high at more than 50% in LPC of the ovaries, and PE and PS of the testes were also high. The percentages of DHA at sn-position 2 of the predominant phospholipids, except for PC in the testes, were more than 60%, in particular PE in the testes was remarkably high at 81.9%. After storage for 2 days at 5°C, the LPC content in the ovaries increased twofold and the DHA level of LPC was the same as before, though the contents of other phospholipids decreased.     

Effects of insecticide Thiodan® on the morphology and quantification of ovarian follicles in lambaris Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) in different treatments

Thiodan^® is an insecticide which can cause morphological changes in fish tissues, dependent on the concentration. To investigate possible morphological changes, this study evaluated the number and diameter of ovarian follicles in lambaris Astyanax bimaculatus exposed to Thiodan^® for 96 h in different treatments at three sub‐lethal concentrations: 1.15, 2.3 and 5.6 μg L^?1 and a control group without Thiodan^®. Females exposed to Thiodan^® were divided into four treatments: (i) without acclimation and without food, (ii) without acclimation and with food, (iii) with acclimation for 10 days and without food; (iv) with acclimation for 10 days and with food. In this study, it was noted that the action of Thiodan^® at sub‐lethal concentrations in a static system did not affect the morphology of follicular development. However, the treatments with acclimation showed lower numbers of primary and secondary follicles when compared to fish from treatments without acclimation. For the groups exposed to Thiodan^®, a greater number of atretic follicles were observed compared to the control groups. The follicular diameter of secondary follicles in fish exposed to Thiodan^® in the treatment with acclimation and with food was highest in the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indices of treatments with acclimation were lower than those for treatments without acclimation. These data suggest that the fish may be being affected by the pesticide to which the fish were submitted, and may cause impairment to the follicular development.