冀东稻区水稻高产栽培的技术路线与对策

将产量构成因素分解成(基本苗×单株分蘖数×成穗率)(×每穗颖花数×结实率)×千粒重,进一步分析了各产量构成因素与产量的关系,结果表明:667 m2穗数与产量呈抛物线关系;成穗率、结实率和667 m2载花量与产量呈极显著的正相关;结实率与成穗率呈正相关。据此提出了“稳定穗数、主攻大穗、争取粒重”的技术路线和培育叶蘖同伸壮秧、少本合理稀植,“稳促蘖、中控苗、后攻粒”的栽培对策。     

Continuous and rotational grazing of dairy cows – the interactions of grazing system with level of milk yield, sward height and concentrate level

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that for cows with high levels of milk yield, rotational grazing produces higher milk yields than continuous grazing. The comparison of grazing systems was made at two levels of milk yield (initially 20·3 and 32·5 kg d^?1), and interactions with sward height and concentrate level were also examined. The study used 48 multiparous Holstein Friesian cows over a period of 62 d. Mean milk yield, its persistency and composition, live weight, body condition score and liveweight gain were not significantly affected by grazing system at either level of milk yield. There were no significant interactions between grazing system and sward height or concentrate level for any milk production measurement. Mean estimated herbage and total dry matter (DM) intake (P < 0·01), grazing time (P < 0·05) and ruminating time (P < 0·01) were significantly greater on the continuous grazing system. The cows in the higher milk yield group and those grazed at the higher sward height had a significantly (P < 0·05) higher estimated daily herbage DM intake and rate of herbage intake on the continuous grazing system than those on the rotational grazing system. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that rotational grazing systems support higher levels of milk production than continuous grazing for cows of high milk yield. The shorter grazing time on the rotational grazing system indicated that cows may anticipate the timing of the daily movement of the electric fence, and this reduces their time spent grazing residual herbage.     

乌鲁木齐市榆树流液病发生情况调查研究

为明确榆树流液病(暂定名)在乌鲁木齐市的发生情况及影响因素,在乌鲁木齐市植物园、水上乐园、红山公园、农大校园,采用随机抽样法开展调查。研究发现乌鲁木齐市榆树流液病发生较为普遍,农大校园病害发生率与病情指数均为最高,分别为75.00%和51.25。红山公园发病率最低,为56.70%;白榆较倒榆和圆冠榆发病重;修剪伤口较多且伤口直径大的榆树病害发生严重。研究结果为病害的诊断和防治策略制定奠定理论基础。     

不同种源杉木幼苗早期造林生长状况比较分析

该文以1.5代种子实生苗、2代种子实生苗、3代种子实生苗、延平种子苗、顺昌无性系5种不同类型的杉木优良材料为研究对象,在南平延平区林地泛自然条件下进行了早期造林生长比较试验。调查分析结果表明,2代、3代种子苗的树高、地径生长在前2a略占优势;2a后,1.5代种子苗逐渐表现出优势,而顺昌无性系不论是树高、地(胸)径,还是单株材积,在参试的5种杉木材料中表现都不及其他。据此推断,延平种子苗可能更适宜南平延平区生长,其次是1.5代种子苗,但仍需继续跟踪调查。     

Development, growth and chemical composition of the potato crop (solanum tuberosum L.). II. Tuber and whole plant

Summary This second paper of the review describes the development of the potato tuber and whole plant based on research data and literature. The development and growth, daily changes of fresh and dry matter, and of the contents of organic and inorganic components (dry matter, starch, sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid, nitrogenous compounds, nitrate, crude lipid, glycoalkaloids, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na), discolouration indices, and physiological parameters (rate of assimilation and respiration, activity of enzymes) are reviewed.     

高粱不同品种茎、叶形态生理指标比较研究

对8个高粱杂交种的茎、叶的形态生理指标进行比较。以7050A、9198亲本系组配的杂交种茎粗系数较大，抗倒伏性强，利于稳产。高粱单株叶面积生长至“S”形曲线发展。单株和群体叶面积发展经历了四个时期：指数增长期、直线增长期、稳定期和下降期。抽穗开花期，叶面积达到最大值。     

Quantifying the influence of sward height, concentrate level and initial milk yield on the milk production and grazing behaviour of continuously stocked dairy cows

Two factorial design experiments were carried out in the spring of 1994 and 1995, each of 6 weeks, to quantify the effects of sward height (SH), concentrate level (CL) and initial milk yield (IMY) on milk production and grazing behaviour of continuously stocked dairy cows. In Experiment 1, forty‐five Holstein Friesian cows were in five groups with initial milk yields of 16·9, 21·1, 28·0, 31·5 and 35·5 kg d^–1, grazed sward heights were 3–5, 5–7 and 7–9 cm (LSH, MSH and HSH respectively), and concentrates were fed at rates of 0, 3 and 6 kg d^–1. In Experiment 2, 48 cows were in two groups with IMY of 21·3 and 35·5 kg d^–1, grazed sward heights were 3–5 and 7–9 cm (LSH and HSH), and concentrates were fed at 0 and 6 kg d^–1 and ad libitum. Multiple regression models were used to quantify the effects of the three variables on milk yield persistency (MYP), estimated herbage dry‐matter (DM) intake (HDMI), grazing time (GT) and rate of DM intake (RI). The partial regression coefficients showed that increased SH led to increased MYP (Experiment 1 P < 0·001, Experiment 2 P < 0·05), increased HDMI (P < 0·01, P < 0·01), increased GT (P < 0·001, P < 0·05) and increased RI (P < 0·001, P < 0·05). Increasing CL led to increased MYP (NS, P < 0·001), decreased HDMI (P < 0·001, P < 0·001), decreased GT (NS, P < 0·001) and decreased RI (P < 0·001, P < 0·001). Higher IMY level of cows decreased MYP (P < 0·001, P < 0·001), increased HDMI (P < 0·001, P < 0·001), increased GT (P < 0·001, P < 0·05) and increased RI (P < 0·05, P < 0·01). The models were highly significant (P < 0·001), and accounted for 0·48–0·87 of the total variance. The partial regression coefficients quantified the extent to which GT and RI by cows respond positively to higher IMY, and negatively to increased CL, but respond differently (GT declines in response to a higher RI) with increasing SH.     

蓖麻株高增长与气象条件的关系

利用三年分期播种试验资料，通过统计分析，说明株高可以作蓖麻营养生长（生长量）的生态指标，以此建立了蓖麻株高增长过程的标准模式．着重分析了气温、日照、降水等气象因子对株高增长的影响，确定了与株高增长有关的气象指标．     

间伐对不同龄组华北落叶松人工林直径生长的影响

间伐是最有效、最常用的森林调控措施,研究间伐对直径生长的影响及直径分布动态,可为科学制定经营措施及森林精准经营提供技术依据。本研究以塞罕坝华北落叶松人工纯林（幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林）为研究对象,每种龄组设置间伐和对照样地各3块,共18块,基于2014-2018年直径数据,采用单因素方差分析和三参数Weibull分布,探究间伐后不同龄组林分直径生长规律。结果表明：（1）间伐促进了不同龄组华北落叶松的直径生长,间伐样地后2年直径生长量明显大于前2年（P<0.05）,对照样地则差异不显著（P>0.05）;间伐对林分直径生长量的促进作用表现为：中龄林>幼龄林>近熟林。（2）不同龄组间伐和对照样地的直径分布均符合三参数Weibull分布,且中龄林的拟合效果最好;2014-2018年,间伐样地的拟合参数c趋近于3.6,直径分布趋于对称分布,对照样地则变化不大。（3）间伐样地后2年林分直径分布曲线较前2年向右移动距离大,幼龄林的直径分布由右偏趋于对称,中龄林、近熟林则由左偏趋于对称。总之,间伐可有效促进华北落叶松幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林的直径生长,对中龄林的生长促进作用最强。     

不同茎长茎粗及变种对南五味子扦插的影响

[目的]研究南五味子的插条性质对其扦插的影响.[方法]采用不同长度、不同粗度以及不同变种的插条进行扦插,比较其对南五味子扦插生长情况的影响.[结果]插条茎长为9 ～ 10 cm成活率最高,茎粗越粗的插条成活率越高,小叶变种的南五味子的扦插成活率比宽叶南五味子高.[结论]该研究为南五味子扦插育苗提供理论依据.