小蠹类森林害虫可持续控制的策略和方法

根据森林害虫可持续控制的理论和目标,以及小蠹类森林害虫发生的规律和特点,在总结和评价森林有害生物治理理论的基础上,提出了小蠹类重灾性森林害虫可持续控制的理论和与之相适应的行为调控、生态结构调控和种群密度治理的策略和方法.     

补偿性生长条件对肉鸡胸肉、腿肉重量及肠道重量与长度的影响

研究了补偿性生长条件（孵化后第1，2，3周投喂蛋白质水平为22％，20％，18％以及16％的日粮）对肉鸡胸肉、腿肉重量及肠道长度和重量的影响。在前3周的任何一周限饲低蛋白质日粮，提高腿肉20－40g，胸肉10－19g，特别是在第2，3周投喂蛋白质18％－16％的日粮时增产幅度大于第1周，并且有增加肠道的重量和长度的趋势。结果表明，早期限饲低蛋白质日粮还有增加胸肉和腿肉重量的效果，该效果在在第2，3周供给18％－16％蛋白质日粮时差异显著。     

Provenance and progeny results for the tropical white pine, Pinus chiapensis, at five and eight years of age

Eleven provenances and 132 open-pollinated families of Pinus chiapensis were established at six locations in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa and assessed for height, volume, and forking percent at five and eight years of age. Provenance × site and family × site interactions were examined in a subset of three trials with 38 open-pollinated families in common. Average volume production of P. chiapensis in Colombia and South Africa was 25 m³/ha/yr and 12 m³/ha/yr, respectively, at eight years of age. Provenance and family differences for height and volume were significant at the individual test sites at eight years of age. The La Trinidad (Chiapas) source was the most productive. Forking percent ranged from 3% in South Africa to 38% in San Jose, Colombia at eight years. Provenance × site interactions were significant for forking but not for height and volume. Family × site interactions were significant for height and volume but not for forking. Forty-six percent of the interaction variance between height and location was contributed by only six families. Height/diameter ratios for P. chiapensis were 0.29 and 0.39 in Colombia and South Africa, respectively, and significantly different.     

冰冻雪压对杉木人工林近成熟林分危害调查

以受冰冻雪灾较为严莺的江西省大岗山林区杉木近成熟林分为研究对象,探讨杉木林分结构和立地条件与杉木受损类型及灾害发生程度的关系,得到几点主要结论:1)冰冻雪压造成大岗山林区杉木受害株数比例达66.84%,受灾相当严重,杉木林分受害类型可分为弯梢、断梢、斜干、断干、倒地及翻蔸等6种,其中断干和断梢为最主要的2种受害类型.2)杉木林分结构对冰冻雪压危害具有明显的调节作用,灾害主要发生于径阶相对较小的林木,林分内径阶越大的林木其受害程度明显越轻;林分密度与受害强度具极显著正相关,密度越高,林分受损株数愈多,且密度主要影响断干、翻蔸这2种不可逆的受损类型,合理的密度调控至关重要.3)杉木林分的立地条件与受害程度紧密相关,高海拔、高坡位、陡坡处的林分更易受到冰冻雪压的危害,较高的立地指数有利于杉木在遭受冰冻雪压灾害时减轻损失.     

浙江省毛竹直径与年龄的二元Weibull分布模型

利用2004年复查的浙江省森林资源连续清查体系4250个固定样地中的245个毛竹纯林样地数据,用具有严格概率模型性质的二元Weibull分布模型描述浙江省毛竹直径与年龄的二维结构,并讨论二元Weibull分布模型的生成函数,给出几个不同形式的表达式,指出模型良好的概率模型性质。一元Weibull分布模型的直径、年龄模型分别是二元模型的边际分布,而且用边际分布求得的参数与用联合分布求得的参数也很接近。本研究是省级地域的毛竹宏观模型,该模型也可尝试应用到林分水平,以及其他类型森林。     

Vertical and leaf-age-related variations of nonstructural carbohydrates in two alpine timberline species, southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Spatial pattern of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) was analyzed in two alpine timberline species (Abies georgei and Juniperus saltuaria) growing at the timberline in Sergyemla Mountain, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We aimed to examine the effect of canopy height and leaf age on balance between carbon uptake and consumption of timberline tree species in extremely environmental condition. The results showed that no significantly vertical variation in sugars, starch or NSC (soluble sugars plus starch) in A. georgei was found for any aged needles. Also, there were no significant differences among vertical gradients in both current and last-year leaves for J. saltuaria. However, different-aged needles/leaves showed significant differences in NSC concentrations in both A. georgei and J. saltuaria. For A. georgei, needle mean NSC across vertical canopies showed a significant increase from current-year to 2-year needles (P < 0.05), followed by a gradual decrease from 2- to 5-year needles (P < 0.05), whereas for J. saltuaria, last-year leaves had significant higher NSC except sugars compared with current-year leaves across canopies (P < 0.01). The observed trends of NSC along vertical canopy heights and leaf ages suggested that, in extreme environmental condition, not only light-induced carbon acquisition in photosynthesis but also carbohydrate export from leaves should be taken into account to explain the spatial pattern of NSC.     

杉木采穗圃营建技术的研究

从1980年起,先后在湖南省零陵地区林科所和江永县高泽源林场营建杉木采穗圃7.5亩。实践表明:杉木采穗圃繁殖系数大、产量高,且技术容易掌握,便于推广,是加速杉木造林良种化的有效途径。同时说明,科学地选择建圃材料,采用浅栽、控制冠幅、弯干和截顶,以及加强对圃地的经营管理,是实现建圃目标,提高穗条产量和质量的关键措施。     

基于光束法空中三角测量理论的树高测量方法研究

在总结了传统树高测量方法的基础上,提出了根据光束法空中三角测量理论对树高进行测量的方法,并对影响树高测量精度的外方位元素误差进行了检验,结果表明,外方位元素在一定的误差范围内,利用光束法空中三角测量理论测量树高,精度较高。     

长白山林区天然阔叶林培育大径木高产林分的结构分析

采用省级固定样地和伐区调查设计中小班全林每木样地相结合的方法，以天然阔斗林高产大径木林分结构为载体，详细分析了影响该林分结构的三个主要因子：林木最大保留直径（LDT），相邻径级立木株数之比（q）和林分保留断面积（RBA）。分析结果表明，培育大径木的林分结构条件是；LDT不超过54cm，q的取值范围为1．2～1．6，RBA不超过30m^2。     

Biomass distribution in 40-year-old trees of Japanese black pine

Measurements were carried out to survey the quantity of above- and below-ground biomass and its distribution of five Japanese black pines (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) growing on a sandy soil. The roots, divided into diameter groups, were surveyed using two methods—soil coring and excavation. Average dry weight of total biomass of the trees was 176,185 g. Roots represented 13.2%, below-ground stump 6.5%, stem 70.4% and branches with needles 9.9% of total biomass. Roots made up about two thirds and stump one third of below-ground biomass. Total length of below-ground biomass (except roots with diameter < 0.1 cm) was 479.1 m/tree. Roots with diameter of 0.1–0.2 cm represented only 0.7% of below-ground biomass, however as much as 49.9% of their total length. Roots with diameter over 10.0 cm constituted as much as 21.6% of below-ground biomass, however were only 0.3% of its total length. Root systems had well developed tap roots to maximal depth of 231 cm. The results indicated that mass and length of roots with diameter 0.5–2.0 cm had a close correlation with branch mass. Mass and length of roots with diameter 2.0–10.0 cm closely correlated to stem mass. Stem mass, root mass and root length closely correlated to DBH. A rather low correlation was found between DBH and mass of branches and below-ground stump. DBH was a suitable variable for predicting total biomass.