Growth rates and survival of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) at two temperatures (ambient and 23 °C) and two feeding frequencies

Wild caught post-pueruli, year one and year two post settlement juvenile western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, were held at ambient temperatures (15.6 °C to 23.1 °C; mean 19.0 ± 0.07 °C) or at 23 °C, and fed the same ration of a formulated pellet diet either once per night, or 3 times per night, over 12 months, to determine whether elevated temperatures and multiple feeds per night would stimulate growth through increased metabolism and feed utilisation without significant negative impacts on survival. Survival of post-pueruli (mean 63%) did not differ between ambient and 23 °C. Survival of year 1 and 2 juveniles was higher at ambient temperatures (p < 0.01 ambient: year 1 juveniles, 68%; year 2 juveniles, 88%; 23 °C: 57% and 74%, respectively). Feeding frequency did not affect survival of post-pueruli and year 2 juveniles (mean 63%, 81% respectively), but survival was 9% higher for year 1 juveniles fed three times per night (58% versus 67%; p < 0.01). All lobsters grew faster at 23 °C than at ambient temperatures (p < 0.05), with the growth of post-pueruli almost doubled at 23 °C (weight gain at 23 °C versus ambient: post-pueruli, 18 438 % versus 9 915 %; year 1 juveniles 259% versus 165%; year 2 juveniles 23% versus 21%). Feed frequency did not influence the growth of year 1 and 2 juveniles. However, there was an interaction effect of temperature and feed frequency on post-pueruli where weight and carapace length were significantly higher at ambient temperatures when post-pueruli were fed three times a day, whereas at 23 °C weight and carapace length were significantly greater when fed once per day (p < 0.05). Feed intake (g pellet dry matter lobster^− 1 day^− 1) of pellet was higher at 23 °C for all lobsters (p < 0.05), but was the same between lobsters fed 3 times per night versus once per night. This study has shown that increasing temperatures to 23 °C significantly improved the growth of P. cygnus post-pueruli without any adverse effects on survival. The faster growth rates exhibited by year 1 and 2 juveniles at 23 °C may potentially offset their lower survival by significantly reducing culture period. There is no benefit of feeding P. cygnus multiple times at night in terms of growth and survival. The implications for P. cygnus culture are that temperatures should be maintained close to 23 °C during the entire growout period, with due care taken to minimise mortalities through adequate provision of food and shelter. Feeding P. cygnus once daily to excess just prior to dusk to co-incide with nocturnal feeding behaviour is recommended.     

赤霉素和细胞分裂素调控苹果果实早期生长发育机理的研究

采用流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）及酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）从细胞学和激素生理学的角度研究了ＧＡ４／７、ＢＡ及ＣＰＰＵ调节苹果果实早期发育的可能机理。ＧＡ４／７（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）抑制了苹果果肉细胞分裂,未提高果实内源细胞分裂素（ＺＲｓ,ｉＰＡ）含量推测它主要通过促进工而促进果实生长,ＢＡ（５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）和ＣＰＰＵ（１２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）可以显著促进苹果幼果的细胞分裂,ＣＰＰＵ的细胞分裂素活性较ＢＡ高,ＢＡ和ＣＰＰ     

Effects of EBV infection on growth and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line

AIM: To explore the effect of EBV infection on growth and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) cell line.METHODS: NPC cell line CNE1 was directly infected by Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The expression of EBV-latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) and bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry method (LSAB). The growth of NPC cells was identified by MTT method. Apoptotic carcinoma cells were detected by flow cytometry analysis and the terminal deoxynucletidyl transferase-medicated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods. RESULTS: EBV-LMP1 was positive in CNE1 infected by EBV(E-CNE1). Compared with CEN1, the growth of E-CNE1 apparently increased (P＜0.01). No apoptotic carcinoma cells were detected and bcl-2 postive cells were 2%~3% respectively in 2 kinds of NPC cells.CONCLUSION: Growth of NPC cells is enhanced by EBV infection and EBV-LMP1 expression, but no influence on expression of bcl-2 and apoptosis of NPC cells.     

江西一季籼粳杂交稻稻曲病防治药剂及次数研究

选择合适的防治药剂和防治次数是减轻稻曲病危害的关键。本研究以籼粳杂交稻甬优12为材料,比较了6种药剂和3种喷施次数对稻曲病的防控效果和产量性状差异。结果表明,在6种药剂中,阿米妙收处理的病穗率防效和病指防效最好,分别达到91.53%和96.63%,但与其他药剂无显著性差异。在防治次数上,爱苗和拿敌稳均为防治3次的处理病指防效最好,分别为81.73%和80.15%,显著高于防治次数3次以下的处理。阿米妙收处理的产量最高,达11 719.52 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他处理。     

灌水次数和施钾量对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒性的影响

为进一步明确兼顾节水高产抗倒的最佳灌水与施钾量组合,以冬小麦品种藁优2018为材料,通过二因素随机区组试验,研究了3种灌水次数(不灌溉、灌拔节水、灌拔节水和扬花水)和4个施钾量(施K_2O0、75、150和225kg·hm~(-2))对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒性的影响。结果表明,随灌水次数和施钾量的增加,小麦株高和重心高度显著增高,茎秆基部2个节间的单位长度干重、直径、机械强度和抗倒指数显著增加。而茎秆壁仅随施钾量的增加而显著增厚。小麦产量和3个产量构成因素也随灌水次数和施钾量的增加而增加,但4个施钾量之间的千粒重差异不显著,K225与K150之间的穗数、穗粒数和籽粒产量差异不显著。茎秆抗倒指数与茎秆基部第1、2节间的单位长度干重、直径呈极显著正相关,与株高、重心高度也呈极显著正相关。综合各项指标,春季在拔节期和扬花期灌2次水,施K_2O 150kg·hm~(-2)有利于实现小麦高产和钾肥高效,且茎秆抗倒性能较好。     

D200型秸秆纤维制取机原料供给系统优化设计与试验

为提高D200型秸秆纤维制取机工作效率,实现对农作物秸秆物料的浸泡、清洗及连续稳定的输送,解决人工喂料时劳动强度大、喂料不均匀等问题,设计了与D200型秸秆纤维制取机相配套的原料供给试验装置。在对浸泡装置、搅拌装置和捞取装置间配合关系及工作原理分析的基础上,以单个耙齿为研究对象,分析了耙齿与秸秆的作业过程,建立了捞取量的数学模型,找出了影响捞取量的主要因素。应用L16(45)正交试验方法,以输送带线速度、耙齿齿数、搅拌桨转速为试验因素,以捞取效率及其变异系数为评价指标实施试验。试验结果表明:输送带线速度、耙齿齿数、搅拌桨转速对捞取效率影响极显著(P0.01);输送带线速度对捞取效率变异系数影响极显著(P0.01)。同时利用模糊综合评价方法对试验指标进行综合评价,确定影响综合评价的主次顺序为:输送带线速度、搅拌桨转速、耙齿齿数;最优参数组合为:输送带线速度0.6 m/s、搅拌桨转速40 r/min、耙齿齿数8根。此时,单位时间内捞取效率为1 111.2 kg/h,变异系数为0.124,满足生产要求。     

轴流泵多目标优化正交试验

为了整体提高轴流泵的水力优化设计水平,找出影响轴流泵性能的主要几何参数,运用正交试验方法,以扬程、效率、轴功率和压力脉动作为试验评判指标,将综合频率分析法应用到轴流泵多目标优化设计中。基于L_9(3~4)正交表得到了9组方案,研究叶片数、翼型、轮毂比和叶片与导叶间距离对轴流泵的扬程、效率、轴功率和压力脉动的影响规律,并通过综合频率分析法确定了一组最佳试验方案。结果表明:该最佳试验方案在设计流量下,水流在叶轮及导叶段中的流态较好,水流流线顺畅,分布相对均匀;轴流泵模型在流量和扬程满足改型要求的同时,效率提高了5.7%;轴功率下降了1.21%;压力脉动系数降低了11%,验证了综合频率分析法在多目标正交优化中的可行性。     

拨辊推送式马铃薯清选分选机设计与试验

针对现有马铃薯清选分选机的薯土分离效果差、伤薯率较高、工作效率低等问题,设计了一种拨辊推送式马铃薯清选分选机。对该机器的工作机理进行了阐述,确定了清选装置、分选装置的结构参数,分析了马铃薯在清选分选过程中的力学特性。选取机组的转速、上料量、机组提升角度作为试验因素,伤薯率、分选清洁率为试验性能指标进行正交试验,并对试验结果进行显著性分析。结果表明,各因素对伤薯率影响的主次因素顺序为:机组提升角度、机组转速和上料量;对分选清洁率的影响主次因素顺序为:上料量、机组转速和机组提升角度。按照以马铃薯的伤薯率较低,兼顾分选清洁率较高的原则,确定较优组合,即机组转速为145 r/min,上料量为20 t/h,机组提升角度为12°,并对该参数组合进行了验证试验,结果表明,在该条件下机器伤薯率为0.773%,分选清洁率为95.42%,符合基本作业要求。     

基于正交设计的施用硫磺、控水灌溉和施肥对蓝莓生长的影响

旨在优化高寒地区蓝莓栽培模式,利用正交试验研究了施用硫磺、控水和施肥3个因素对大兴安岭地区蓝莓品种‘美登’植株生长的影响。结果表明:3个因素正交处理对蓝莓生长指标的影响程度较大,不同处理之间各生长参数均存在较大的变异幅度,3个因素之间存在明显的互作效应,并且拮抗效应较小。极差分析结果表明,对蓝莓株高、冠幅和枝条长度影响最大的因素为土壤相对含水率,而对枝条粗度影响最大的因素为施肥。3个因素互作下均表现为各因素的3水平或4水平蓝莓生长性状最优,结合各生长参数的变化结果,建议大兴安岭地区蓝莓品种‘美登’施用硫磺量为70~80 g/m2,施硫酸钾复合肥7.5~10 g/株,土壤相对含水率维持在45%~60%。     

浙江乌牛早春茶始摘期及霜冻风险区划

为了解浙江省乌牛早春茶初始采摘期的时空分布特征和减少遭受春季霜冻的风险,应用1971—2014年浙江省71个常规站日资料和2005—2014年共2094个气象自动区域站小时观测资料,以乌牛早春茶发育热量为始摘期区划指标和乌牛早春茶各级冻害总灾损率为霜冻害区划指标,应用GIS技术,采用距离权重反比法(IDW,Inverse Distance Weighted),得到浙江省乌牛早春茶始摘期区划图和乌牛早春季霜冻风险区划分布图。结果表明:浙江全省乌牛早春茶始摘期在2月上旬—3月上旬,从南到北时间递增,温州沿海地区最早,29°N以南为2月中旬,30°N以北地区最晚。浙江沿海、盆地、低丘陵地区适宜种植乌牛早茶,海拔高的地区遭受春季霜冻风险大,不适宜种植乌牛早茶,区划结果将为茶叶主管部门和农技推广部门指导乌牛早种植的布局调整提供重要参考价值和科学依据。