中国观赏蕨类植物的种类、繁殖方法及在园林中的应用

综述了中国观赏蕨类植物的种类、地域分布、生态习性、繁殖方法以及在园林中的应用.针对观赏蕨类植物在保护利用中存在的问题,提出了开发与利用的5点建议,并对蕨类植物的应用前景进行了展望.     

基于改进YOLOv7的杨梅树单木检测

为了快速检测和统计杨梅树的数量,该研究提出了一种基于改进YOLOv7的杨梅树单木检测模型：YOLOv7-ACGDmix。首先,对YOLOv7的可扩展高效长程注意力网络（extended-efficient long-range attention networks, E-ELAN）进行改进,通过融合兼具卷积和注意力机制优势的ACmix（a mixed model that enjoys the benefit of both self-attention and convolution）结构得到AC-E-ELAN模块,提升模型的学习和推理能力,引入可变形卷积（deformable convolutional networks version 2, DCNv2）结构得到DCNv2-E-ELAN模块,增强模型对不同尺寸目标的提取能力;其次,采用内容感知特征重组（content-aware reassembly of features, CARAFE）上采样模块,提高模型对重要特征的提取能力;然后,在主干和头部网络部分添加全局注意力机制（global-attention mechanism, GAM）,强化特征中的语义信息和位置信息,提高模型特征融合能力;最后,采用WIoU（wise intersection over union）损失函数减少因正负样本数据不平衡造成的干扰,增强模型的泛化性。在公开数据集上的试验结果表明,YOLOv7-ACGDmix模型的精确率达到89.1%,召回率达到89.0%,平均精度均值（mean average precision, mAP）达到95.1%,F₁-score达到89.0%,相比于原YOLOv7模型分别提高1.8、4.0、2.3和3.0个百分点。与Faster R-CNN、SSD、YOLOv8模型相比,改进模型的平均精度均值（mAP_0.5）分别提高了9.8、2.2、0.7个百分点。实地采集杨梅树样本数据的检测精确率87.3%、召回率85.7%。试验表明,改进模型为基于无人机影像的杨梅树单木检测提供了一种有效的解决方案,对果园精准管理的发展具有重要意义。     

苹果树体磷素动态规律与施肥管理

以"富士"苹果树为试材,对果树体生物量和各器官及其皮层、木质部的磷含量和累积动态进行了研究,以期探讨果树磷素吸收、转运和分配规律.结果表明,3月26日至9月21日,树体生物量呈直线增加,果实采收后,生长缓慢,7月30日后,根系快速生长,植株、地上部及根系中磷累积迅速增加;枝、干和根系皮层内磷含量与累积7月30日最低,休眠期最高,皮层磷含量枝＞干＞根系;而木质部磷含量与累积4月30日达最低,木质部磷含量根系＞枝＞干;一年内,果树吸磷总量为28.72 kg/hm2,果实和叶片共带走磷素7.94 kg/hm2,7月30日至9月21日,吸收磷素18.32 kg/hm2,占吸收总量的63.8%,9月21日至1月15日,吸收磷素10.40 kg/hm2,占36.2%;苹果树(苹果产量48 t/hm2)年推荐施纯磷47.86 kg/hm2,果实收获后秋季基施磷17.33 kg/hm2,果实膨大期前追施磷30.53 kg/hm2.     

观赏植物养护专用缓释肥在3种植物上的应用研究初报

就一种新型观赏植物养护专用缓释肥在醉蝶花、罗汉松、莞香3种观赏植物上的应用效果进行初步探讨。结果表明:缓释肥可促进3种观赏植物的生长,与复合肥相比,该缓释肥具有肥效慢、肥效持续时间长、肥料利用效率高的特点。试验还发现,适量施用缓释肥可促进醉蝶花开花和延长开花期,且该缓释肥覆土施用要明显优于表土施用。     

庐山自然保护区秋色叶树种观赏特性及其园林造景应用

介绍庐山保护区秋色叶树种观赏特性,从造景的角度,探讨秋色叶树种在园林中的应用,并提出开发对策。     

树形结构对果树生产能力的影响分析

果树树形与结构是影响果树产量的重要因素,笔者结合国内外的研究状况,综述了不同树形结构对光能利用率、营养与生殖、抗逆性、产量品质、实际生产的影响,指出适宜的栽植密度、合理的树形结构是保证果园光照良好,产量和品质提高的重要措施。     

From shallow to deep waters: habitats used by larval lampreys (genus Petromyzon and Lampetra) over a western European basin

Abstract –  Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation.     

Needle Collection Time for Nutrient Evaluation in Christmas Tree Production

Christmas tree needle sampling to evaluate nutrient need is an established practice. Data to support the recommended fall sampling time in Oregon and Washington were not found. In addition, the recommendation for needle sampling of Fraser fir in North Carolina was made without data from winter months. The goal for this article is to affirm or modify recommended needle sampling time. Needles of Douglas fir, Turkish fir, Nordmann fir, Noble fir, Grand fir, and Fraser fir Christmas trees were collected monthly for a year, dried, and analyzed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and boron (B). No single period was found for any species when needle nutrient concentration was stable for all elements determined. Needle collection time was chosen by integrating cultural practices, likelihood of nutrient deficiency, and needle nutrient concentration changes for species grown in an area. Needle collection is recommended during February in western Oregon and Washington. The current sampling time, fall, is logical for Fraser fir Christmas tree production in North Carolina.     

Testing variability in pathogenicity ofPhytophthora cactorum, P. citrophthora andP. syringae to apple, pear, peach, cherry and plum rootstocks

The relative virulence ofPhytophthora cactorum andP. syringae originating from almond trees, and ofP. citrophthora originating from citrus, to apple, pear, peach, cherry and plum rootstocks, was studiedin vivo andin vitro. Results of the different experiments were in good agreement. All testedPhytophthora isolates showed little virulence to pear rootstocks-causing only minor crown rot symptoms - and no virulence at all to apple rootstocks. In contrast, they were highly virulent to stone fruit rootstocks, causing crown rot disease. The non-pathogenicity of these isolates to pome rootstocks could be interpreted as strict host specificity.