葡萄(vines)作为观赏植物的综合利用探讨

分析了葡萄作为观赏植物的价值所在,对于其品种的选择,提出了相应的标准,指出了葡萄作为观赏植物,前景广阔。     

云南棕榈科观赏植物野生资源利用研究

通过介绍云南棕榈科野生植物资源的分布情况,以及对具有园林用途的棕榈野生观赏植物资源进行分析,提出野生棕榈植物在园林绿化中开发应用的相关建议及发展趋向。     

盘叶忍冬和贯月忍冬及其子代观赏性状与光合特性的比较

 以母本盘叶忍冬(Lonicera tragophylla Hemsl. ) 、父本贯月忍冬(Lonicera semervirens L. ) 及其子代台尔曼忍冬(Lonicera × tellm anniana Hort. Spath) 为试材, 研究了其在北京地区春、夏、秋3个季节的观赏性状与光合特性, 以期从栽培的角度找到改善忍冬观赏效果的主要因子。研究结果显示: 台尔曼忍冬的观赏性状优势明显; 3种材料的最大光化学效率( F_v /F_m) 差异不显著; 父本贯月忍冬的光合速率、实际光化学效率、藤茎长、叶片数、基径以及地下部生物量和子代台尔曼忍冬差异不显著; 母本盘叶忍冬除F_v /F_m外各种生理指标均显著低于子代和父本, 表现出了极弱的生长特性; 子代台尔曼忍冬主要在单株总叶面积和观赏性状方面表现出明显的优势, 较大的总叶面积提高了子代单株总光合能力, 从而使其生长和观赏效果明显优于双亲。基于以上研究结果, 在藤本忍冬生长早期采取一些增加总叶面积的栽培措施将有助于改善其在北京及相似气候区域的生长和观赏效果。     

桂柳地区优良园林地被植物的筛选与运用

为筛选适合在广西桂柳地区推广种植的园林地被植物,根据桂柳地区的气候特点和地被植物所需具备的功能,采用综合评分法对引种到广西植物研究所的蜘蛛抱蛋、红毛毡、秋海棠、扶芳藤、大叶萝芙木、鸡尾木、马蓝、假蒌和水田七等9种地被植物的生长状况、生长量变化、观赏价值、光合作用及蒸腾作用参数进行比较评分。结果表明,生长状况最好、观赏价值最佳的是扶芳藤、马蓝和蜘蛛抱蛋,最差的是秋海棠、假蒌和水田七;光合速率最强的是扶芳藤和马蓝,其次为蜘蛛抱蛋、大叶萝芙木和鸡尾木;蒸腾速率最大的是鸡尾木和假蒌,最小的是大叶萝芙木、扶芳藤和马蓝。     

塞罕坝亚高山野生观赏植物引种与栽培试验初报

笔者通过对塞罕坝亚高山野生植物进行引种栽培试验,旨在寻找适宜承德地区生长的野生观赏植物。笔者直接将野外采挖的野生植物种源,按其分类进行适当的处理后,进行栽培试验,包括6科13属13种。结果表明,物种的适应性有一定的差异性。其中,草芍药、瑞香狼毒死亡,鹿蹄草死亡率较高,最后流失;三角叶驴蹄草、玉竹、铃兰、华北耧斗菜、银莲花、大瓣铁线莲等6种虽然在夏季高温时期会有短暂的休眠,但是第2年仍能正常萌发、开花;舞鹤草、茖葱生长良好;荚果蕨、木贼等2种在遮荫下适应性比较好。所以,10种植物可作为承德地区的引种植物。     

蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis ‘Frigdaas Oxford’和Phal. SH49正反交后代观赏性状遗传倾向研究

以花色、花斑类型、花朵质地、株型大小、花朵大小等为蝴蝶兰杂交育种的目标性状,对Phalaenopsis‘Frigdaas Oxford’和Phal.SH49及其正反交后代群体的观赏性状进行分析,研究育种目标性状在后代中的表现与分离。结果表明:正反交F_1代的分离规律和变化趋势基本一致,根据主要花部性状特点分为4个组群(G01~G04),杂交F_1代在9个数量性状的平均值表现均较中亲值明显降低,适合选育小株型或小花型后代个体;杂交F_1代在花底色、花斑类型、花朵材质等质量性状上变化丰富,不同花色的遗传能力与覆盖能力有所差别,存在较深花斑色覆盖遮挡住较浅花底色的花色表现,且出现了亲本没有的花斑变化,这些性状的分离特征和遗传倾向将给今后新个体或新单株的目标性状预测筛选提供更多参考和依据。     

Comparative efficacy of MS-222 and benzocaine as anaesthetics under simulated transport conditions of a tropical ornamental fish Puntius filamentosus (Valenciennes)

There is a growing commercial interest in the fish, Puntius filamentosus , in the ornamental fish trade in India and elsewhere. The trade is, however, hampered by severe mortalities during transport of the fish owing to insufficient data available on the use of anaesthetics. To resolve this problem, we evaluated the efficacy of two anaesthetics, MS-222 and benzocaine, in sedating P. filamentosus in simulated transportation experiments and used stress response parameters such as cortisol and blood glucose levels to perform assessments. We observed that MS-222 at 40 mg L⁻¹ and benzocaine at 20 mg L⁻¹ were sufficient to induce sedation for 48 h. Above these concentrations, both the anaesthetics adversely affected the fish and resulted in mortalities. Both anaesthetics significantly lowered the blood cortisol and glucose levels compared with the unsedated controls. Importantly, the anaesthetics treatment significantly lowered the post-transport mortality in the fish. The results of the study show that MS-222 and benzocaine could be used as sedatives to alleviate transport-related stress in P. filamentosus to improve their post-transport survival and hence reduce economic loss.     

Technical and economic feasibility of integrating seahorse culture in shrimp/oyster farms

Integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture systems (IMTA) are building ecosystems designed to produce aquatic organisms with less environmental impact. We have developed a simple system and a management strategy for introducing seahorse (Hippocampus spp.) culture in shrimp/oyster farms to increase economic sustainability. The system includes broodstock, nursery and grow‐out phases of Hippocampus reidi G. culture. We performed a test in a 42.4‐ha marine shrimp/oyster farm, which showed that this system is technically feasible. Then, we performed a partial budget analysis including cost‐return, cash flow and financial feasibility analysis. More than 12 000 marketable size seahorses may be produced in 402 m² annually. Initial investment was only US$ 21 103.00. The benefit–cost ratio was ~US$ 20.00 for each US$ 1.00 spent, internal rate of return was 131% and payback period <2 years. In conclusion, the introduction of seahorse in shrimp/oyster IMTA system is technically feasible, profitable, resilient and shows high liquidity. This system may be easily established in developing countries and has potential to provide seahorses to supply different markets (live specimens for the marine aquarium trade and dried specimens for traditional Chinese medicine and the curio trade). In addition, it can indirectly contribute to preserve natural populations.     

黑龙江省野生观果树种在城市园林绿化中的应用

黑龙江特殊的地理位置,是西伯利亚、澳洲和蒙古3个不同植物区系的汇合处,构成了特殊的植物资源环境。据调查,大兴安岭地区的野生观果树种有8科10属13种,小兴安岭有18科25属33种,完达山及张广才岭有20科29属43种,其中应用广泛的有45种。文章分别以不同的配置方式及不同用途介绍了观果树种在城市园林绿化中的应用。     

观赏荷花辐射诱变育种初报

用60 Coγ射线辐照观赏荷花莲子与种藕进行诱变。结果表明 ,莲子的诱变率大于种藕。辐照莲子适宜剂量为 30～ 60Gy;红色系和复色系品种较易发生变异 ,白色系品种未发生变异 ;已选育出的 2个荷花优变系观赏价值较高。