不同地理来源MGIII组大豆品种生育期结构分析及E基因型鉴定

于2014?2015年对60份不同地理来源、生育期组为MGIII的大豆品种进行生育期结构分析和E基因型鉴定表明, 不同地理来源的MGIII大豆品种生育期相近, 但生育期结构差异较大。来自中国北方和美国的MGIII组春大豆品种营养生长期(V期)较短(开花较早), 生殖生长期(R期)较长, R期与V期的比值(R/V)较高; 黄淮海品种和南方MGIII组品种V期较长(开花较晚), R期较短, R期与V期的比值(R/V)较低。北方春大豆MGIII组品种的开花期受播期影响较其他地区同生育期组品种更为明显。中国MGIII组大豆品种存在6种E基因型, 其中E1e2E3E4和e1-asE2E3E4分布区域广, 覆盖播季类型多, 而在8个美国MGIII组品种中只鉴定出1种E基因型(e1-asE2E3E4), 表明中国大豆品种在生育期结构性状上存在更为丰富的遗传变异。通过比较不同播期下MGIII大豆品种E基因在生育期性状上的平均效应值发现, 含显性位点越多的材料, 其V期越长, R期越短, R/V值越小。反之亦然。不同E基因对开花、成熟期的增强效果不尽相同, 且春播时各显性基因的效应值均比夏播时大。不同地理来源MGIII组大豆品种农艺性状存在明显差异, 且与生育期结构存在显著相关性。中国北方春大豆品种底荚高度与R/V值负相关, 但单株荚数与R/V值正相关; 黄淮海大豆品种的分枝数、单株荚数、百粒重与R/V间无显著相关性; 南方大豆品种分枝数与V期呈显著负相关。试验结果可为大豆品种生育期结构的改良及适应不同环境的品种选育提供依据。     

正确认识保险和保险投资

现在在一个保险环境较为宽松的社会下,随着人们理财观念的转变,越来越多的人开始萌生保险意识,可是人们对保险仍然存在着很多误解。文章通过介绍保险的历史起源,旨在帮助人们扫清对保险认识过程中的盲点,并简要介绍了一些投保的基本常识。     

混凝土裂缝问题探讨

混凝土裂缝的扩展或新有裂缝的出现,将会加速混凝土的碳化和侵蚀物质的介入,钢筋腐蚀程度加剧,这又将进一步造成混凝土的开裂,往复循环,混凝土结构的承载能力下降,耐久性大大降低,使用寿命也随着缩短。     

陕西关中地区肉牛产地同位素溯源技术初探

为应用牛组织中C、N同位素组成的区域分布和同位素指标溯源肉牛产地,本文利用同位素比率质谱仪(IRMS)对陕西关中不同区县来源的牛尾毛样品的1δ3C和1δ5N值进行检测,通过聚类分析,研究陕西关中地区肉牛组织中同位素组成的区域分布情况。结果表明,杨凌区、眉县牛尾毛样品聚为一类;乾县、永寿县样品聚为一类;麟游县样品聚为一类;扶风县、岐山县和凤翔县分类不十分明显,分散在上述3类中。说明陕西关中不同地区肉牛组织中同位素组成存在差异,利用它们可进行肉牛地域的小范围溯源。     

The domestication and improvement of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Summary Physiological and morphological characteristics of the two wild and three domesticated subspecies of cowpeas are compared. The wild accessions are alike in having small, hard seeds borne in dehiscent pods, but differ in other characteristics. We suggest that the wild subsp. dekindtiana, from the seasonally-arid tropics, is more likely to have been the progenitor of modern cowpeas than the other wild subspecies (subsp. mensensis), but that subsp. dekindtiana was first cultivated in the humid tropics where its pods are slow to dehisce. Domestication has been associated with changes in the structure of pod valves and seed coats which reduce pod dehiscence and seed hardness. Pods and seeds have increased in size, mainly by increases in the rate of dry weight accumulation, and their increase has been only partly paralleled by increase in the area of subtending leaves. There has been no increase in the maximum photosynthetic rate of leaves, but the duration of their photosynthetic activity has increased. Domesticates are less sensitive than are wild plants to some environmental controls, such as in the response of germination to temperature, but in their flowering responses to daylength both wild and cultivated forms retain sensitivity under conditions where this is of adaptive value.     

稳定同位素指纹分析在蚕茧产地溯源中的应用研究

蚕茧产地溯源是丝绸原产地溯源的基础.本研究为了探究蚕茧产地溯源最适方法,以不同产地的蚕茧为研究对象,利用不同产区蚕茧的13C、15N、18O和2H同位素组成,通过单因素方差分析、多重比较分析、Fisher线性判别分析留一法交叉验证,最后建立蚕茧产地溯源模型.单因素方差分析结果表明,不同产地蚕茧的δ13C、δ15N、δ1...     

基于矿物元素指纹图谱的黑龙江黄豆产地溯源

该研究探讨了矿物元素指纹分析技术对黑龙江黄豆产地溯源的可行性,筛选出判别黑龙江黄豆产地溯源的有效指标。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定来自齐齐哈尔和北安2个地域50份黄豆样品中52种矿物元素的含量,并对数据进行了方差分析、主成分分析和判别分析。研究表明,46种矿物元素含量在地域间存在显著差异,通过逐步判别分析筛选出8项元素指标建立黄豆产地判别模型,所建立的模型对黄豆产地整体交叉检验判别率为95.7%。As、Ru、Gd含量在黄豆与土壤间呈显著正相关(P0.05),Tb含量在黄豆与土壤间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),由4种元素建立的判别模型对产地判别准确。因此,上述元素是黄豆矿物元素产地鉴别较可靠的指纹信息指标。     

Associations between grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination in cowpea

Twenty cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes, comprising Kenyan cultivars and Kenyan and introduced breedings lines, were grown in 15 replicated field trials carried out at three locations in semi-arid eastern Kenya over four seasons. Grain and straw yields and the carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of this material were determined, and days to flowering and maturity observed.None of the seasons in which the trials were conducted was appreciably drier than the long term average for the sites, and some trials received excessive rain. Averaging the data for the 15 trials, one genotype yielded much less grain (77 g m⁻²) than the 19 others, whose yield ranged from 125 to 177 g m⁻² (average 148 g m⁻²). Trial mean yield trials had a high straw Δ (r = +0.567) and had received more rain between flowering and maturity (r = +0.428) than lower yielding ones. Among genotypes, averaging over trials, the correlation coefficient (r) between grain yield and grain Δ was +0.394, and between grain yield and straw Δ, +0.460. Early genotypes had the highest grain Δ and straw Δ. The correlation among genotypes between date of flowering and grain Δ was −0.632 and with straw Δ, −0.502. When comparisons were made among trials, there was no clear relationship between the strength of the correlations among genotypes between grain yield and straw Δ or grain Δ and the degree of stress experienced by a trial (as indicated by the rainfall it had received). It appeared that this was because the variances of grain Δ and straw Δ were greater in the most droughted trials, whereas the variance of yield was greatest in the least droughted trials.It is concluded that the genetic correlation between grain yield and either grain Δ or straw Δ is unlikely to be strong enough to make either Δ a useful surrogate or adjunct in selecting for high yield in the segregating generations of a breeding programme for semi-arid eastern Kenya, but that Δ may be of value in the selection of parent genotypes.     

藏灵菇益生菌奶片的制作及其品质分析

为了以藏灵菇为发酵剂研制出新型片剂乳制食品,该文通过口味正交试验确定了藏灵菇益生菌奶片的最佳制作工艺配方,其配方的质量分数分别为10%脱脂藏灵菇奶冻干粉+40%全脂奶粉+14%白砂糖粉+2.5%硬脂酸镁+2.5%羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）+31%脱脂奶粉。通过电子鼻检测不同配比的脱脂藏灵菇益生菌奶片,绘制线性判别分析（LDA）图,客观地描述了脱脂(包括不同评分)和全脂藏灵菇益生菌奶片在LDA图上的分布区域。藏灵菇益生菌奶片的初始乳酸菌总数对数值为9.26,经过120 d的4℃保存,乳酸菌总数对数值为7.41,满足市售要求。将藏灵菇和脱脂藏灵菇奶片的扫描电镜图进行比较展示了其结构以及内部菌种的分布。综合成本和品质分析,认为藏灵菇益生菌奶片的生产可行性强。